ArticlePsychiatry research2022
Severe COVID-19 increases the risk of schizophrenia.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissecting the shared genetic landscape of anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of COVID-19 with risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality post-infection: A UK Biobank cohort study.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Sinovac vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) in reducing in-hospital mortality in individuals with COVID-19 and schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Unravelling the Viral Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic analyses point to alterations in immune-related pathways underpinning the association between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Causes and countermeasures for the increased infection and COVID-19 mortality rates in patients with schizophrenia.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Neuropsychiatric Burden of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Its Physiopathology, Underlying Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
- Causal effect of COVID-19 on longitudinal volumetric changes in subcortical structures: A mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and systems biology approaches to identify the interplay between COVID-19 and pericarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cigarette Smoking, Mental Health, Depression, Maryland Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey, 2020.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Association of mental disorders with sepsis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis of causal and druggable circulating inflammatory proteins in schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Causal associations and genetic overlap between COVID-19 and intelligence.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2023Article
- Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Are Elevated in Persons With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Modifiable Factors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Colocalization of expression transcripts with COVID-19 outcomes is rare across cell states, cell types and organs.Human genetics · 2023Article
- Associations between pulse rate and COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Fluoxetine plus lithium for treatment of mental health impairment in Long Covid.Discover mental health · 2023Review
- Causal associations between major depressive disorder and COVID-19.General psychiatry · 2023Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis identified tumor necrosis factor as being associated with severe COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Identification of immune-related biomarkers in peripheral blood of schizophrenia using bioinformatic methods and machine learning algorithms.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 invades the central nervous system, impacting the mental health of COVID-19 patients. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the potential causal effects of COVID-19 on schizophrenia. Our analysis indicated that genetic liability to hospitalized COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20, P = 0.013). However, genetic liability to SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with the risk of schizophrenia (1.06, 0.83-1.37, P = 0.643). Severe COVID-19 was associated with an 11% increased risk for schizophrenia, suggesting that schizophrenia should be assessed as one of the post-COVID-19 sequelae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.