ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Frequency of bystander exposure to antibiotics for enteropathogenic bacteria among young children in low-resource settings.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Dust from Kindergarten Environments: A Systematic Review of Occurrence, Diversity, Determinants, and Exposure Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Minimal Impact on the Resistome of Children in Botswana After Azithromycin Treatment for Acute Severe Diarrheal Disease.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- The Gut Bacterial Resistome in the First Two Years of Life: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Birth Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Associations between Water Supply Interruptions and Water Use, Drinking Water Quality, Child Health, and Caregiver Stress in Peri-Urban Malawi.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Effects of commonly used antibiotics on children's developing gut microbiomes and resistomes in peri-urban Lima, Peru.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Effects of commonly used antibiotics on children's developing gut microbiomes and resistomes in peri-urban Lima, Peru.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The impact of vaccines for diarrhoea on antibiotic use among children in five low-resource settings: a comparative simulation study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- The impact of antibiotic resistance on the rampant spread of infectious diseases in Pakistan: Insights from a narrative review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Burden of diarrhea and antibiotic use among children in low-resource settings preventable by Shigella vaccination: A simulation study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- The uncertain role of substandard and falsified medicines in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Nature communications · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Children in low-resource settings carry enteric pathogens asymptomatically and are frequently treated with antibiotics, resulting in opportunities for pathogens to be exposed to antibiotics when not the target of treatment (i.e., bystander exposure). We quantified the frequency of bystander antibiotic exposures for enteric pathogens and estimated associations with resistance among children in eight low-resource settings. We analyzed 15,697 antibiotic courses from 1,715 children aged 0 to 2 y from the MAL-ED birth cohort. We calculated the incidence of bystander exposures and attributed exposures to respiratory and diarrheal illnesses. We associated bystander exposure with phenotypic susceptibility of E. coli isolates in the 30 d following exposure and at the level of the study site. There were 744.1 subclinical pathogen exposures to antibiotics per 100 child-years. Enteroaggregative
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Registered trials
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