SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2022
Sex hormones affect the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A multidimensional analysis of neuropsychiatric lupus: clinical, biological and imaging insights from systematic evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating prolactin levels and the effect of dopaminergic agonists in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Trends in systemic lupus erythematosus incidence and prevalence among Korean women of childbearing age: a nationwide study 2011~2020.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Discordance between disease activity and long-term outcomes in DNASE1L3 deficiency: a multicentre longitudinal cohort study.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning reveals X chromosome transcriptional signatures that classify systemic lupus erythematosus in females.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with systemic lupus erythematosus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns associated with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The ERβ Agonist, OSU-ERβ-012, Mitigates Inflammation in a Chimeric Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Negative Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Oogenesis and Meiotic Processes in Oocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism of early GPR183-dependent B cell responses in systemic lupus erythematosus.iScience · 2026Article
- Chromosomal and hormonal factors involved in human sexual dimorphism.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Regional variation in serum ficolin levels and their association with disease activity and clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from India.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus-driven accelerated atherosclerosis: the immune-metabolic-vascular axis and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Microbiome Dysbiosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) on Short-Term Outcomes of Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: An Analysis of the US National Readmission Database, 2016-2020.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Prediction of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Exacerbation in Patients with Clinical and Subclinical Musculoskeletal Inflammation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus manifesting as abdominal pain: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects women more frequently than men, similar to the female predilection for other autoimmune diseases. Moreover, male patients with SLE exhibit different clinical features than female patients. Sex-associated differences in SLE required special considerations for disease management such as during pregnancy or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Sex hormones, namely, estrogen and testosterone, are known to affect immune responses and autoimmunity. While estrogen and progesterone promote type I immune response, and testosterone enhances T-helper 1 response. Sex hormones also influence Toll-like receptor pathways, and estrogen receptor signaling is involved in the activation and tolerance of immune cells. Further, the clinical features of SLE vary according to hormonal changes in female patients. Alterations in sex hormones during pregnancy can alter the disease activity of SLE, which is associated with pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, HRT may change SLE status. Sex hormones affect the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of SLE; thus, understanding the occurrence and exacerbation of disease caused by sex hormones is necessary to improve its management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.