SynthesisFrontiers in pediatrics2022
Disruptions to routine childhood vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Co-circulating pathogens of humans: a systematic review of mechanistic transmission models.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Pooled it
- How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Completion of the National Childhood Immunization Schedule and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 24-35 Months in Afghanistan: A Nationwide Analysis of MICS 2022-23.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Absorbing the shock: the role of lower-level health facilities in immunization resilience in Sidama, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Routine immunization uptake and timeliness in young children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A secondary analysis of the Tuberculosis Child Multidrug-Resistant Preventive Therapy multi-site randomised controlled trial.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine hesitancy in a Brazilian state capital.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Incidence, Disease Spectrum, and Outcomes of Tuberculous Meningitis in South African Children: The Initial Impact of COVID-19.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy: Validating the PACV Survey for Croatian Parents.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination implementation in six lower- and middle-income countries: Successes, challenges, and lessons for pandemic preparedness.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- COVID-19 related disruption and resilience in immunisation activities in LMICs: a rapid review.BMJ open · 2024Review
- Trust in health workers and patient-centeredness of care were strongest factors associated with vaccination for Kenyan children born between 2017-2022.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Vaccination Coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Estimating the health effects of COVID-19-related immunisation disruptions in 112 countries during 2020-30: a modelling study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Vaccination in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review to Set the Scope for Future Pandemics.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Editorial: Vaccines and immunization services during the pandemic era and beyond.Frontiers in health services · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization Programs in Indonesia: Taking Rural and Urban Area into Account.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine childhood vaccinations worldwide with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) most affected. This study aims to quantify levels of disruption to routine vaccinations in LMICs. Methods: A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021286386) was conducted of MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus and MedRxiv, on the 11th of February 2022. Primary research studies published from January 2020 onwards were included if they reported levels of routine pediatrics vaccinations before and after March 2020. Study appraisal was performed using NHLBI tool for cross-sectional studies. Levels of disruption were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges. Results: A total of 39 cross-sectional studies were identified. These showed an overall relative median decline of -10.8% [interquartile range (IQR) -27.6%, -1.4%] across all vaccines. Upper-middle-income countries (upper-MICs) (-14.3%; IQR -24.3%, -2.4%) and lower-MICs (-18.0%; IQR -48.6%, -4.1%) showed greater declines than low-income countries (-3.1%; IQR -12.8%, 2.9%), as did vaccines administered at birth (-11.8%; IQR -27.7%, -3.5%) compared to those given after birth (-8.0%; IQR -28.6%, -0.4%). Declines during the first 3 months of the pandemic (-8.1%; IQR -35.1%, -1.4%) were greater than during the remainder of 2020 (-3.9%; IQR -13.0%, 11.4%) compared to baseline. Conclusion: There has been a decline in routine pediatric vaccination, greatest in MICs and for vaccines administered at birth. Nations must prioritize catch-up programs alongside public health messaging to encourage vaccine uptake. Systematic review registration: Identifier: CRD42021286386.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.