ReviewMacromolecules2022
Immunostimulatory Polymers as Adjuvants, Immunotherapies, and Delivery Systems.
Review in Macromolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intravenous immunotherapy with Der p 1-containing nanoparticles alleviates the allergic responses in a murine allergic rhinitis model.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Bioinspired Cross-Linked Anionic Hydrogel Microparticles as Potential Adjuvants for Safe Vaccines: Colloidal-Chemical Characteristics, Morphology and Biological Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Carbohydrate polymer-based biomaterials for light-triggered Photo-Immunotherapy: Design strategies, immune mechanisms, and translational outlook.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Repeated pulmonary dosing of β-glucan-chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles controlsAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Aerosol Delivery of Polyelectrolyte Surfactant-Antimicrobial Nanoparticles to the Lungs.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Emerging Nanomedicine Strategies for Chronic Disease Management Based on Chitosan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A ribonucleotide carbohydrate system (iRNC) enhances antigen presentation and controls glioblastoma.Theranostics · 2026Article
- PfCSP-ferritin nanoparticle malaria vaccine antigen formulated with aluminum-salt and CpG 1018® adjuvants: Preformulation characterization, antigen-adjuvant interactions, and mouse immunogenicity studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Spermine-Functionalized Multiepitope Signaling Peptide Nanovaccine to Stimulate the Systemic Immunity against Pneumonia.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Breaking barriers: Smart vaccine platforms for cancer immunomodulation.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- Sustained exposure to multivalent antigen-decorated nanoparticles generates broad anti-coronavirus responses.Matter · 2025Article
- Reprogramming cancer immunity with next-generation combination therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Exploration of potential inhibitors against chikungunya envelope: an in-silico clue.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Beyond Needles: Immunomodulatory Hydrogel-Guided Vaccine Delivery Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Identification of CDK4/6 Inhibitors as Small Molecule NLRP3 Inflammasome Activators that Facilitate IL-1β Secretion and T Cell Adjuvanticity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Varying the hydrophobic core composition of polymeric nanoparticles affects NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Biomaterials science · 2024Article
- Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2024Review
- Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering.Chemical Society reviews · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activating innate immunity in a controlled manner is necessary for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Adjuvants, or molecules that modulate the immune response, are critical components of vaccines and immunotherapies. While small molecules and biologics dominate the adjuvant market, emerging evidence supports the use of immunostimulatory polymers in therapeutics. Such polymers can stabilize and deliver cargo while stimulating the immune system by functioning as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists. At the same time, in designing polymers that engage the immune system, it is important to consider any unintended initiation of an immune response that results in adverse immune-related events. Here, we highlight biologically derived and synthetic polymer scaffolds, as well as polymer-adjuvant systems and stimuli-responsive polymers loaded with adjuvants, that can invoke an immune response. We present synthetic considerations for the design of such immunostimulatory polymers, outline methods to target their delivery, and discuss their application in therapeutics. Finally, we conclude with our opinions on the design of next-generation immunostimulatory polymers, new applications of immunostimulatory polymers, and the development of improved preclinical immunocompatibility tests for new polymers.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.