Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36033373›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2022

3D bioprinting of in situ vascularized tissue engineered bone for repairing large segmental bone defects.

Mingkui Shen, Lulu Wang, Yi Gao, Li Feng, Chuangye Xu, Sijing Li, Xiaohu Wang, Yulan Wu, Yao Guo, Guoxian Pei

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Biodegradable MgBioactive materials · 2026
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  5. Review
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  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Bioprinting for craniofacial reconstruction: A review of advancements, clinical use, and challenges.Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
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  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mingkui ShenSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Lulu WangSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Yi GaoSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Li FengSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Chuangye XuSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Sijing LiSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Xiaohu WangDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China.
Yulan WuSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Yao GuoSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Guoxian PeiSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large bone defects remain an unsolved clinical challenge because of the lack of effective vascularization in newly formed bone tissue. 3D bioprinting is a fabrication technology with the potential to create vascularized bone grafts with biological activity for repairing bone defects. In this study, vascular endothelial cells laden with thermosensitive bio-ink were bioprinted in situ on the inner surfaces of interconnected tubular channels of bone mesenchymal stem cell-laden 3D-bioprinted scaffolds. Endothelial cells exhibited a more uniform distribution and greater seeding efficiency throughout the channels. In vitro, the in situ bioprinted endothelial cells can form a vascular network through proliferation and migration. The in situ vascularized tissue-engineered bone also resulted in a coupling effect between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis is upregulated in biological processes. The in vivo 3D-bioprinted in situ vascularized scaffolds exhibited excellent performance in promoting new bone formation in rat calvarial critical-sized defect models. Consequently, in situ vascularized tissue-engineered bones constructed using 3D bioprinting technology have a potential of being used as bone grafts for repairing large bone defects, with a possible clinical application in the future.

Indexed as

3D bioprinted BMSCs-laden GelMA hydrogel scaffold, (GB)3D bioprinting3D dual-extrusion bioprinted BMSCs-laden GelMA hydrogel and RAOECs-laden 3P hydrogel scaffold, (GB-3PR)3D dual-extrusion bioprinted GelMA hydrogel and RAOECs-laden 3P hydrogel scaffold, (G-3PR)3D printed GelMA hydrogel scaffold, (G)4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, (DAPI)Alizarin red S, (ARS)Alkaline phosphatase, (ALP)analysis of variance, (ANOVA)bone mesenchymal stem cells, (BMSCs)bone mineral density, (BMD)bone volume to tissue volume, (BV/TV)complementary DNA, (cDNA)differentially expressed genes, (DEGs)Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, (DMEM)Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, (DPBS)endothelial cells, (ECs)ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, (EDTA)extracellular matrix, (ECM)fetal bovine serum, (FBS)Fourier-transform infrared, (FTIR)gelatin methacryloyl, (GelMA)gene ontology, (GO)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, (GAPDH)green fluorescent protein, (GFP)hematoxylin and eosin, (H&E)In situ vascularizationLarge segmental bone defectslithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate, (LAP)micro-computed tomography, (micro-CT)nuclear magnetic resonance, (NMR)optical density, (OD)paraformaldehyde, (PFA)phosphate-buffered saline, (PBS)PLA-PEG-PLA, (3P)polyethylene glycol, (PEG)polylactic acid, (PLA)polyvinylidene fluoride, (PVDF)radioimmunoprecipitation assay, (RIPA)rat aortic endothelial cells, (RAOECs)real-time polymerase chain reaction, (RT-PCR)RNA sequencing Analysisstandard deviation, (SD)tissue-engineered bone, (TEB)Tissue engineeringtris buffered saline with Tween-20, (TBST)

Identifiers

PMID36033373
PMCPMC9403505

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.