ArticleHeliyon2022
Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Heliyon, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Virologic failure and its determinants among HIV patients progress towards the third 95% global target in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of HIV-1 low-level viremia on virologic and immunologic failure during antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study from 2005 to 2023 in Qinzhou City, Guangxi, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Immunological and virological response in HIV-1 infected patients receiving active antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary care center in Northern India.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Incidence Rate, Survival Rate, and Predictors for Virological Failure Among Adult TB/HIV Coinfected Clients.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of HIV-immunologic non-responses and research trends based on gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Application of parametric survival analysis to women patients with breast cancer at Jimma University Medical Center.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Virological Non-Suppression among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Individuals on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Eastern Ethiopia: Follow-Up Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Virologic and Immunological Failure and Associated Factors Among Adults Living With HIV on HAART at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves clinical outcomes by suppressing viral replication and allowing immune reconstitution. It also reduces HIV-related complications including morbidity, mortality, and extended hospitalizations for HIV-positive individuals. Regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the factors associated with the poor clinical outcome including immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients on HAART. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immuno-virological status and describe its determinants among HIV-positive patients receiving HAART at Delgi primary hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Delgi primary hospital from October 25th through June 19th 2021 among a total of 442 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to enrol participants in the study. Socio-demographic and clinically related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 3-5 ml of venous blood was collected aseptically for CD4 Results: Among the total study participants, 283 (64%) were males and the mean age of the study participants was 37 ± 11.5. The overall immunological and virological failure among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receiving participants was found to be 9.5% (42/442, 95%CI:3.23-15.09) and 12.2% (54/442, 95% CI: 2.81-23.04) respectively. In the multivariate analysis, study participants with age ≥50 years old [AOR = 1.97, p = 0.01, 95%CI (0.02-4.03)], participants having current viral load count greater ≥1000 copies/ml [AOR = 3.97, p = 0.03, 95%CI (1.09-5.01)] and having TB-co-infection [AOR = 2.51, p = 0.05, 95%CI (1.02-7.51)] were statistically associated with increased risk of immunological failure. Similarly, TB-coinfected participants were 1.88 (95%CI = 0.89-10.02) times at greater risk for virological failure. Conclusion: In this study, the magnitude of immuno-virological failure is alarming. This may be shown the need for integrated and substantial commitment to enhancing patient antiretroviral treatment adherence in the study area. Also, regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the determinants associated with virological and immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients taking HAART. Furthermore, early initiation of HAART may be imperative to achieve favourable virological suppression and immunological reconstitution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.