ArticleFrontiers in psychology2022
The effect of the video assistant referee (VAR) on referees' decisions at FIFA Women's World Cups.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- From bad calls to system errors: accountability in automated and assisted sports officiating.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Passing, Possession, and Goal-Scoring Trends in Euro 2024 and Copa America 2024.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Compared to without video assistant referee: does video assistant referee monitoring have an impact on the Chinese Super League?BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The influence of the video assistant referee on the UEFA European Championship.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The attitude of online fans: perceived value, expectation, and identification on VAR satisfaction.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Video assistant referee (VAR) has been implemented in women's football, aiming to improve referees' decision-making, but its impact has not yet been analyzed. This study intended to explore how the VAR affects refereeing decisions at Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women's World Cup competitions. The sample includes all 52 matches played in the 2015 tournament before VAR was introduced and all 52 matches played in the 2019 competition where VAR was deployed. For each match, data on ten variables were collected: first half playing time, second half playing time, total playing time, penalties, offsides, fouls, goals, corner kicks, yellow cards, and red cards. The match variables were compared before and after VAR implementation using a Mann-Whitney U test, a Bayesian analysis, a generalized linear model, and a non-clinical magnitude-based inference. The results demonstrated that after VAR was introduced, playing time during the first half [
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