ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2022
Raloxifene Stimulates Estrogen Signaling to Protect Against Age- and Sex-Related Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Mice.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Raloxifene injections normalize age-related mechanical sensitization in female and male mice and augment intervertebral disc structure in old female mice.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus Cells in a Cell-Type Specific Manner.JOR spine · 2026Article
- HSD17B7 Counters Bone Loss in Estrogen Deficiency via Estrogen Receptor Stabilization and Mediates the Effect of Raloxifene.MedComm · 2026Article
- The estrogen-ferroptosis axis in postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration: shared mechanisms and emerging evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Age-related bone loss in mouse lumbar vertebrae is affected by region, sex, and level: Implications for spinal loading and analysis methods.Bone reports · 2025Article
- Injury Induces More Severe Biomechanical Changes in Middle-Aged and Geriatric Lumbar Spines in a Mouse Ex Vivo Model.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Excessive cholesterol accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting the polarization of M1 macrophages.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Burden of low-back pain disease caused by occupational ergonomic factors in China from 1990 to 2021 and forecast for 2035: a systematic analysis and comparison with global trends.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Review
- Myristic acid beneficially modulates intervertebral disc degeneration by preventing endplate osteochondral remodeling and vertebral osteoporosis in naturally aged mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicle-based gene therapy for the treatment of discogenic back pain.Biomaterials · 2024Article
- Osteoporosis treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration and back pain: a perspective.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Low back pain and osteoarthritis pain: a perspective of estrogen.Bone research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen agonist raloxifene is an FDA-approved treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, which may also be a promising prophylactic for painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Here, we hypothesized that 1) aging and biological sex contribute to IVD degeneration by reducing estrogen signaling and that 2) raloxifene stimulates estrogen signaling to protect against age- and sex-related IVD degeneration in mice. 2.5-month-old (male and female) and 22.5-month-old (female) C57Bl/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with raloxifene hydrochloride 5x/week for 6 weeks (
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