ArticleAfrican health sciences2022
The expression analysis of IL-6, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-β mRNA in the nasal mucosa of patients with Allergic rhinitis.
Article in African health sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-Mediated Macrophage Polarization Axis: From Inflammatory Positive Feedback Loop to Precision Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Allergic Rhinitis-A Narrative Review.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Review
- Article
- Inflammation biomarkers mediate causal inference of the effect of skin microbiota on the risk of allergic diseases.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Exploring Advances in Natural Plant Molecules for Allergic Rhinitis Immunomodulation in Vivo and in Vitro.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Allergens induce upregulated IL-18 and IL-18Rα expression in blood Th2 and Th17 cells of patients with allergic asthma.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- The value of combined detection of specific immunoglobulin E, interleukin-6 and regulatory T cells in predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity regulate the link between allergic diseases, cancer risk, and metabolic dysregulations.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Sexual reproductive health, NCDs and infectious diseases.African health sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The profile of inflammatory and suppressing cytokines is important to contribute to the disruption of TH1/TH2 balance in Allergic rhinitis (AR). Objective: This study aimed to assess the expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-β in nasal biopsies in AR patients and evaluate its correlation with the severity of AR. Material and method: The study included 30 patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis (MPAR), patients with moderate-to-severe (M/S) PAR, and 30 healthy individuals. The biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa were collected from each participant. The expression of IL-6, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-β was evaluated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The degree of eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa, blood eosinophils, and total serum IgE level were also measured. Result: The expression of IL-6, IL-18, and IL-23 in patients with AR significantly increased compared to the control group. Conversely, the gene expression of the TGF-β declined in the M/S PAR group rather than the AR- group. The data did not show a significant difference in the expression of the IL-21 gene between AR+ and AR- groups. Conclusion: We suggested that inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-18, and IL-23 may be involved in the severity of AR and associated with markers of inflammation.
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