Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2022
Increased intrathecal neurofilament light and immunoglobulin M predict severe disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting progressive multiple sclerosis: Toward mechanism-informed precision medicine.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Autoimmune responses to myelin-associated proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Associations with human herpesvirus-6 and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- CSF biomarkers of B-cell activation in multiple sclerosis: a clinical perspective.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Elevated Kappa Index in the Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG Oligoclonal Bands: Contribution of Intrathecal IgM and IgA Synthesis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Intrathecal IgG and IgM synthesis correlates with neurodegeneration markers and corresponds to meningeal B cell presence in MS.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Intrathecal kappa free light chain synthesis is associated with worse prognosis in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- High levels of kappa free light chain synthesis predict cognitive decline in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence supports that determination of intrathecal immunoglobulin M (IgM) synthesis (ITMS) and neurofilament light (NfL) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be clinically useful as disease severity biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: Monocentric observational longitudinal cohort study in which prospectively collected data were retrospectively retrieved. Included were patients with RRMS (n=457) who had a diagnostic investigation including analysis of ITMS and CSF neurofilament light (cNfL). ITMS was calculated with the linear index formula, the intrathecal fraction of IgM according to Reiber (IgM Results: All investigated methods to calculate ITMS significantly predicted evidence of disease activity (EDA-3) within 24 months. IgM Conclusions: In a real-world setting, ITMS was a useful biomarker in early RRMS to predict disabling MS and its prognostic value was even stronger in combination with cNfL. Our data suggest that determination of ITMS and cNfL should be included in the diagnostic work-up of RRMS for prognostic purposes and in decisions of disease-modifying therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.