ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
The immune phenotypes and different immune escape mechanisms in colorectal cancer.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of telomere-related genes in the progression of colon adenocarcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- High intratumoral CD8 positive T cell infiltration associated with pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced colon cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structure-related genes drive tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and prognostic disparities in left-Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Modulation of Human Immune Cells by Propyl-Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) Inhibits Colorectal Tumor Progression in a Humanized Mouse Model.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of Tregs on tumor regression in locally advanced G/GEJ cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in immune escape and their application in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Cancer immune evasion, immunoediting and intratumour heterogeneity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- T-cell receptor dynamics in digestive system cancers: a multi-layer machine learning approach for tumor diagnosis and staging.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics in colorectal cancer uncover the potential of metastasis and immune dysregulation of a cell cluster overexpressed PRSS22.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A bibliometric analysis of immune escape in colorectal cancer: research trends, key contributors, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- HDACi combination therapy with IDO1i remodels the tumor microenvironment and boosts antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Machine learning-based model for CD4Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- A comprehensive and systematic analysis of Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferaseOncology research · 2024Article
- PBK correlates with prognosis, immune escape and drug response in LUAD.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Advances in immunotyping of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the immune phenotypes of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying immune escape mechanism have not been studied sufficiently. A total of 1802 and 619 CRC samples from the microarray and TCGA cohorts were enrolled, respectively. The ssGSEA algorithm and unsupervised clustering were used for TME cell infiltration speculation and immune phenotype recognition in the above cohorts. A total of 447 samples from Zhongshan Hospital were collected for validation. Immunohistochemistry was performed in this cohort to quantify TME cell infiltration. The single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data of 252,940 cells from 60 CRC samples was analyzed for further mechanistic exploration. CRC samples can be classified into three distinct immune phenotypes. Subtype 1, the immune-active subtype, was characterized by high infiltration of activated adaptive immune cells. Subtype 2, the immune-desert subtype, featured high tumor purity and low infiltration of immune and stromal cells. Subtype 3, the stroma-rich subtype, had high infiltration of stromal cells. The stroma-rich subtype conferred a significantly worse prognosis. The three subtypes had different immune escape mechanisms. The immune-active subtype has the highest immune checkpoint expression level. In comparison, the immune-desert subtype had the lowest immunogenicity and defective antigen presentation. The stroma-rich subtype lacked activated immune cells. In conclusion, distinct immune phenotypes and immune escape mechanisms may provide inspiration and direction for further research on CRC immunotherapy.
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