ArticleWater research2022
Biomarkers selection for population normalization in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology.
Article in Water research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches to SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance.Viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Current state and future perspectives on de facto population markers for normalization in wastewater-based epidemiology: A systematic literature review.The Science of the total environment · 2024Pooled it
- Kinetic Modelling of the Decay of Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSV) Facilitated a Robust Wastewater-Based Surveillance for RSV.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- From plant pathogen to public health tool: A review of tobamoviruses and their role in wastewater & environmental surveillance.Journal of water and health · 2026Review
- Assessing long-term specific pollutant loads in municipal wastewater plants influent using monitoring data: A case study from Latvia.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Variability analysis of a low-cost paper dipstick nucleic acid extraction method for wastewater surveillance using gage repeatability and reproducibility.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Utilities of PMMoV as an internal control for the building-level wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Long term assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the transition to evaluate additional viral targets.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Article
- Wastewater Speaks: Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance, Sampling Methods, and Seasonal Infection Trends on a University Campus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Hydrological and physicochemical parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 and pepper mild mottle virus wastewater concentrations for a large-combined sewer system.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Variability of the Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Biomarker in Wastewater.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- Academic institution extensive, building-by-building wastewater-based surveillance platform for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring, clinical data correlation, and potential national proxy.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Sewer system sampling for wastewater-based disease surveillance: Is the work worth it?Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review of High Throughput Wastewater Sample Processing for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Challenges, Progress, and Future Opportunities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Tracking epidemic viruses in wastewaters.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Target and Nontarget Screening to Support Capacity Scaling for Substance Use Assessment through a Statewide Wastewater Surveillance Network in New York.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Monitoring of over-the-counter (OTC) and COVID-19 treatment drugs complement wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been one of the most cost-effective approaches to track the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) levels in the communities since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 concentrations by the population biomarkers in wastewater is critical for interpreting the viral loads, comparing the epidemiological trends among the sewersheds, and identifying the vulnerable communities. In this study, five population biomarkers, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), creatinine (CRE), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), caffeine (CAF) and its metabolite paraxanthine (PARA) were investigated and validated for their utility in normalizing the SARS-CoV-2 loads through two normalizing approaches using the data from 64 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Missouri. Their utility in assessing the real-time population contributing to the wastewater was also evaluated. The best performing candidate was further tested for its capacity for improving correlation between normalized SARS-CoV-2 loads and the clinical cases reported in the City of Columbia, Missouri, a university town with a constantly fluctuating population. Our results showed that, except CRE, the direct and indirect normalization approaches using biomarkers allow accounting for the changes in wastewater dilution and differences in relative human waste input over time regardless flow volume and population of the given WWTP. Among selected biomarkers, PARA is the most reliable population biomarker in determining the SARS-CoV-2 load per capita due to its high accuracy, low variability, and high temporal consistency to reflect the change in population dynamics and dilution in wastewater. It also demonstrated its excellent utility for real-time assessment of the population contributing to the wastewater. In addition, the viral loads normalized by the PARA-estimated population significantly improved the correlation (rho=0.5878, p < 0.05) between SARS-CoV-2 load per capita and case numbers per capita. This chemical biomarker complements the current normalization scheme recommended by CDC and helps us understand the size, distribution, and dynamics of local populations for forecasting the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 within each sewershed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.