ArticleInternational ophthalmology2023
Clinical characteristics and the treatment modalities of Graves' orbitopathy in a tertiary referral center in Turkey: changes over two decades.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- MRI-based evaluation of orbital structures in relation to thyroid function in thyroid eye disease.Endocrine · 2026Article
- The mechanisms, epidemiology, and clinical implications of thyroid hormones and age-related macular degeneration: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The burden of illness in thyroid eye disease: current state of the evidence.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the changes in demographics, clinical findings, and treatment modalities in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients at a tertiary referral center in Turkey over the last two decades.
methodsThe clinical data of 752 GO patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the first ophthalmic examination date; Group 1(n:344) between January 1998 and December 2007 and Group 2(n:408) between January 2008 and December 2017.
resultsThe number of nonsmokers was significantly higher in Group 2 (44.0 vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001). The time from the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction and referral to our center was 32.4 months in Group 1 and 34.8 months in Group 2, (p = 0.166). The most common treatment of hyperthyroidism was antithyroid medications. Radioiodine ablation treatment rate was significantly lower in Group 2 (14.8 vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001). The time between the diagnosis of thyroid disease and orbital involvement was 22.0 vs. 26.6 months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.009). The time elapsed between the diagnosis of orbital disease and referral to our clinic was 21.0 months vs. 22.4 months in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.068). Orbital disease was most commonly mild, and inactive. Mild and moderate to severe GO and the mean Clinical Activity Score significantly increased, and the rate of sight-threatening disease and orbital decompression surgery significantly decreased in Group 2 (p = 0.042; p < 0.001, respectively).
conclusionsMild and inactive orbital disease was the most common form of GO. The severity of GO is declining over the last two decades in Turkey.
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