Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2022
Source of human milk (mother or donor) is more important than fortifier type (human or bovine) in shaping the preterm infant microbiome.
Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Human-derived Human Milk Fortifiers (H2MF) on Gut Microbiota Development and Oxidative Stress in Premature Infants
The Influence of Feeding Source on the Gut Microbiome and Time to Full Feeds in Neonates With Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Early gut microbiome composition of very preterm infants randomised to receive human milk volumes of 60 ml/kg/day or more within the first 36 hours after birth.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Effect of early antibiotic exposure on necrotizing enterocolitis and growth in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiota development in very preterm infants following fortification of human milk.mSystems · 2025Trial
- Powdered human milk-derived versus bovine milk-derived breastmilk fortification: A multi-centre preterm randomised controlled trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Enhancing breastfeeding outcomes in preterm infant: a collaborative approach with dedicated lactation specialists and family engagement.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Gut microbial differences and function in infants with gastroschisis: a pilot prospective cohort study.Beneficial microbes · 2026Article
- Review: microbial metabolites - a key to address gut inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the premature infant.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Maternal consumption of urbanized diet compromises early-life health in association with gut microbiota.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Impact of donor human milk pasteurization methods on the gut microbiome of preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Immune development differs between preterm newborns fed mothers' own milk and donor milk.iScience · 2025Article
- Temporal characterization of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm infants.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- The impact of breastfeeding on the preterm infant's microbiome and metabolome: a pilot study.Pediatric research · 2025Observational
- EGF and IgA in maternal milk, donor milk, and milk fortifiers in the neonatal intensive care unit setting.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of mother's own milkMicrobiome research reports · 2025Review
- The neonatal gut microbiota: A role in the encephalopathy of prematurity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Strategies for the Fortification of Human Milk in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Mother's milk microbiota is associated with the developing gut microbial consortia in very-low-birth-weight infants.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk fortifiers help meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants receiving their mother's own milk (MOM) or donor human milk. We conducted a randomized clinical trial (NCT03214822) in 30 very low birth weight premature neonates comparing bovine-derived human milk fortifier (BHMF) versus human-derived fortifier (H2MF). We found that fortifier type does not affect the overall microbiome, although H2MF infants were less often colonized by an unclassified member of Clostridiales Family XI. Secondary analyses show that MOM intake is strongly associated with weight gain and microbiota composition, including Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, and Propionibacterium enrichment. Finally, we show that while oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostanes) is not affected by fortifier type or MOM intake, fecal calprotectin is higher in H2MF infants and lower in those consuming more MOM. Overall, the source of human milk (mother versus donor) appears more important than the type of milk fortifier (human versus bovine) in shaping preterm infant gut microbiota.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.