ArticleInternational journal of fertility & sterility2022
Evaluation of Azoospermic Patients to Distinguish Obstructive from Non-Obstructive Azoospermia, and Necessity of Diagnostic Testis Biopsy: A Retrospective Study.
Article in International journal of fertility & sterility, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential significance of Seminal Cell-Free DNA Levels, Oxidative Stress, and Sperm Characteristic between Infertile Men with Non-obstructive and obstructive Azoospermia.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2025Article
- Developing a nomogram model for predicting non-obstructive azoospermia using machine learning techniques.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differentiating between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia: A machine learning-based approach.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- Gene expression alterations in testicular biopsies from males with spermatogenesis arrest identified by transcriptome analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comparison of Pregnancy Rate and Live Birth Rate of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles Using Fresh Versus Frozen-Thawed Testicular Sperm.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2025Article
- Global Practice Patterns in the Evaluation of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey and Expert Recommendations.The world journal of men's health · 2024Article
- Factors associated with undergoing microdissection testicular sperm extraction among men with non-obstructive azoospermia following evaluation by a reproductive urologist.Translational andrology and urology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundAccurate etiology of azoospermia is required for optimal management of patients. The aim of this<br />study was the determination of serum hormonal levels and testicular long axis cut off points to distinguish obstructive<br />azoospermia (OA) from non-OA (NOA) in Iranian patients as well as the evaluation of the necessity of diagnostic<br />testis biopsy in azoospermic patients.<br />Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data of 471 azoospermic patients such as history and physical<br />examination, serum hormonal level, semen fluid parameter, and testicular long axis based on ultrasound were<br />evaluated from 2016 to 2020. All patients were examined by a single urologist and underwent a diagnostic testis<br />biopsy for a definite diagnosis. The diagnostic parameters were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social<br />Sciences (SPSS) version 16 with t test and chi-square test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to<br />distinguish NOA from OA.<br />Results: A total of 127 patients with OA and 284 with NOA were included in this study. The mean serum testosterone<br />level was significantly higher in OA than NOA (4.2 vs. 3.4 ng/ml), whereas the mean serum follicular stimulating hormone<br />(FSH, 5.3 vs. 19.1 mIU/ml) and luteinizing hormone (LH, 5.3 vs. 11 mIU/ml) were lower in OA. ROC curve analysis<br />showed that FSH and testicular long axis were the best diagnostic predictors. Using a combination of serum FSH (8.9<br />mIU/ml) and testicular long axis (39 mm), the positive predictive value for NOA was 97.02% and for OA was 78.8%.<br />Conclusion: Combination of serum FSH higher than 8.9 mIU/ml and testicular long axis lower than 39 mm were<br />strong predictors to distinguish NOA from OA in Iranian participants in this study. In addition, diagnostic testicular<br />biopsy seems to be necessary for patients with OA and NOA characteristics.
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