ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2022
Virological failure and treatment switch after ART initiation among people living with HIV with and without routine viral load monitoring in Asia.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences between different antiretroviral therapy regimens switching patterns among people living with HIV.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Viral Load Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Dili, Timor-Leste.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The impact of same-day and rapid ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage programme on HIV outcomes in Thailand: a retrospective real-life cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- The potential promise and pitfalls of point-of-care viral load monitoring to expedite HIV treatment decision-making in rural Uganda: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Treatment Outcomes After Switching to Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy: Results From the Thai National Treatment Program.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionViral load (VL) testing is still challenging to monitor treatment responses of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment programme in Asia. We assessed the association between routine VL testing and virological failure (VF) and determine factors associated with switching to second-line regimen.
methodsAmong 21 sites from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD), people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged ≥18 years initiating ART from 2003 to 2021 were included. We calculated the average number of VL tests per patient per year between the date of ART initiation and the most recent visit. If the median average number of VL tests was ≥ 0.80 per patient per year, the site was classified as a routine VL site. A site with a median < 0.80 was classified into the non-routine VL sites. VF was defined as VL ≥1000 copies/ml during first-line therapy. Factors associated with VF were analysed using generalized estimating equations with Poisson distribution.
resultsOf 6277 PLHIV starting ART after 2003, 3030 (48%) were from 11 routine VL testing sites and 3247 (52%) were from 10 non-routine VL testing sites. The median follow-up was 9 years (IQR 5-13). The median age was 35 (30-42) years; 68% were male and 5729 (91%) started non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen. The median pre-ART CD4 count in PLHIV from routine VL sites was lower compared to non-routine VL sites (144 vs. 156 cells/mm
conclusionsPLHIV from non-routine VL sites had a higher incidence of persistent VF and a low switching regimen rate, reflecting possible under-utilized VL testing.
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