ReviewSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2022
Barriers and facilitators to opioid agonist therapy in rural and remote communities in Canada: an integrative review.
Review in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methadone Versus Buprenorphine/Naloxone: Treatment Outcome Differences Among Individuals Receiving Medications for Opioid Use Disorders in Rural Treatment Settings-A 1-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Treating cancer-related symptoms in patients exhibiting nonmedical opioid use behaviours: a retrospective chart review study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- "Not Without Judgment": Sociocultural Barriers to Accessing Sexual Assault Evidence Kits in Rural and Remote Northwestern Ontario.Violence against women · 2026Article
- Self-reported cannabis use to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms and reductions in opioid use among people who use unregulated opioids: a cross-sectional analysis.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Article
- A continuum of disconnection: the impacts of safer supply program closures on continuity of care, transition, and total loss of service access.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Identifying challenges in concurrent mental health and substance use disorder care: qualitative findings from an e-Delphi study in British Columbia, Canada.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on delivering inpatient care in a newly developed addiction medicine unit in Northern Ontario.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Access to health and harm reduction services during drug decriminalization in British Columbia, Canada: a mixed-method study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections testing among people who use substances: findings from the 2023 British Columbia Harm Reduction Client Survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Managed alcohol programs for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: A scoping review.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Patient perspectives on buprenorphine/naloxone for chronic noncancer pain: A qualitative interview study.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2026Article
- Exploring the early impacts of drug decriminalization on harm reduction and opioid agonist treatment service operations and delivery in British Columbia: insights from key informant interviews.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Mapping the overdose crisis in Ontario: geographic disparities in opioid-related harms and services.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring disparities: a regional analysis of harm reduction supply distribution and opioid-related deaths across Ontario's Public Health Units.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- The potential use of digital technologies to enhance opioid agonist treatment in rural and remote communities of British Columbia, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Examining opioid agonist treatment (OAT) site operations and early signals of change in the first year of British Columbia's drug decriminalization policy: Insights from a provincial survey.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Retention in Opioid Agonist Therapy Among First Nations People.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Rural community-based participatory research with families of people who use drugs: key considerations from a multi-provincial research partnership.Harm reduction journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople living in rural and remote communities in Canada are often disproportionately impacted by opioid use disorder. When compared to urban centres, rural and remote populations face additional barriers to treatment, including geographical distance as well as chronic shortages of health care professionals. This integrative review of the literature was conducted to explore the facilitators and barriers of OAT in rural and remote Canadian communities.
methodsA search of the literature identified relevant studies published between 2001 and 2021.
resultsThe search strategy yielded 26 scholarly peer-reviewed publications, which explored specific barriers and facilitators to rural and remote OAT in Canada, along with two reports and one fact sheet from the grey literature. Most of the scholarly articles were descriptive studies (n = 14) or commentaries (n = 9); there were only three intervention studies. Facilitators and barriers to OAT programs were organized into six themes: intrapersonal/patient factors, social/non-medical program factors, family/social context factors (including community factors), infrastructure/environmental factors, health care provider factors, and system/policy factors.
conclusionsAlthough themes in the literature resembled the social-ecological framework, most of the studies focused on the patient-provider dyad. Two of the most compelling studies focused on community factors that positively impacted OAT success and highlighted a holistic approach to care, nested in a community-based holistic model. Further research is required to foster OAT programs in rural and remote communities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.