Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36028656›Full record

ArticleAdvances in therapy2022

The Hospitalization-Related Costs of Adverse Events for Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitors in Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Indirect Comparison.

Neal Shore, Shan Jiang, Viviana Garcia-Horton, Emi Terasawa, David Steffen, Andi Chin, Rajeev Ayyagari, Jamie Partridge, A Reginald Waldeck

Open access · hybridAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Efficacy and safety of darolutamideFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Neal ShoreCarolina Urologic Research Center, 823 82nd Pkwy, Myrtle Beach, SC, 29572, USA. nshore@auclinics.com.
Shan JiangBayer, Whippany, 100 Bayer Blvd, Whippany, NJ, 07981, USA.
Viviana Garcia-HortonAnalysis Group, Inc., 151 W 42nd Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA.
Emi TerasawaAnalysis Group, Inc., 151 W 42nd Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA.
David SteffenAnalysis Group, Inc., 151 W 42nd Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA.
Andi ChinAnalysis Group, Inc., 151 W 42nd Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY, 10036, USA.
Rajeev AyyagariAnalysis Group, Inc., 111 Huntington Ave, Floor 14, Boston, MA, 02199, USA.
Jamie PartridgeBayer, Whippany, 100 Bayer Blvd, Whippany, NJ, 07981, USA.
A Reginald WaldeckBayer, Whippany, 100 Bayer Blvd, Whippany, NJ, 07981, USA.
Analysis Group (United States) · USBayer (United States) · USCarolina Urologic Research Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThree novel androgen receptor inhibitors are approved in the USA for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC): apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide. All three therapies have demonstrated prolonged metastasis-free survival in their respective phase III trials, with differing safety profiles. The objective of this study was to compare the mean per-patient costs of all-cause adverse events (AEs) requiring hospitalization between darolutamide versus apalutamide and enzalutamide for nmCRPC in the USA.

methodsAll-cause grade ≥ 3 AEs with corresponding any-grade AEs reported among at least 10% of patients in any arm of the ARAMIS (darolutamide), SPARTAN (apalutamide), and PROSPER (enzalutamide) trials were selected for inclusion in the primary analyses. After matching-adjusted indirect comparison, AE costs were calculated by multiplying the AE rates from the trials by their respective unit costs of hospitalization taken from the US Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database. Sensitivity analyses which further included any-grade AEs reported among at least 5% of patients were also performed.

resultsAfter reweighting and adjusting for the trials' placebo arms, the mean per-patient AE costs were $1021 and $387 lower for darolutamide than for apalutamide and enzalutamide, respectively, over the trials' duration (SPARTAN and PROSPER, 43 months; ARAMIS, 48 months). For darolutamide vs. apalutamide, the largest drivers of the per-patient cost differences were fracture (adjusted difference $416), hypertension ($143), and rash ($219); for darolutamide vs. enzalutamide, they were fatigue not including asthenia ($290) and hypertension including increased blood pressure (i.e., any AE of hypertension or with elevated blood pressure not yet classified as hypertension) ($60). The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary results.

conclusionsPatients with nmCRPC treated with darolutamide in ARAMIS incurred lower AE-related costs (USD), as determined using HCUP costing data, compared with patients treated with either apalutamide (in SPARTAN) or enzalutamide (in PROSPER).

Indexed as

HypertensionProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantAndrogen AntagonistsAndrogen Receptor AntagonistsBenzamidesHospitalizationHumansMaleNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinReceptors, AndrogenTreatment OutcomeAndrogen AntagonistsAndrogen Receptor AntagonistsBenzamidesenzalutamideNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinReceptors, AndrogenAdverse event costsApalutamideDarolutamideEnzalutamideIndirect treatment comparisonNon-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID36028656
PMCPMC9525430
OpenAlexW4293150332

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.