ArticleJournal of affective disorders2022
Hardiness moderates the effects of COVID-19 stress on anxiety and depression.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Network analysis of social support, resilience, quality of life, and insomnia under pandemic control measures.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Fear of COVID-19, Stress, Fear of Childbirth, Hardiness and Life Satisfaction in Polish Pregnant Women During the Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of a Single Virtual Reality Relaxation Session on Mental-Health Outcomes in Frontline Workers on Duty During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on Mental Health-A before, during, and after Comparison Using the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Resilience as Safety Culture in German Emergency Medical Services: Examining Irritation and Burnout.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sex differences in hardiness, coping, and health in new West Point cadets.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Headache and Associated Psychological Variables in Intensive Care Unit Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- From Anxiety to Hardiness: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Spanish CCU Nurses in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Hardiness personality and mental health of financially-struggling medical students in private universities in China: the intervening roles of coping styles and gender.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Navigating the Post-COVID-19 Immunological Era: Understanding Long COVID-19 and Immune Response.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Repeated Cross-Sectional Pilot Study of Physical Activity, Levels of Depression and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Young Greek Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Psychological characteristics of the relationship between mental health and hardiness of Ukrainians during the war.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Psychological Hardiness and Burnout in the Context of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among South African First Responders.Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to sharp increases in mental health problems around the world, most notably in anxiety and depression. The present study examines hardiness and age as potential protective factors against the mental health effects of COVID-related stress. A sample of Canadians balanced across age and gender, completed an online survey including measures of COVID related stressors, hardiness, depression, and anxiety, along with age, gender, and other demographics. Conditional PROCESS analysis showed that COVID stressors led to significant increases in anxiety and depression. Hardiness moderated these relations, with those high in hardiness showing less anxiety and depression. Age was negatively related to anxiety and depression, with highest levels observed among the younger respondents. At the same time, a moderating effect of age was found with respect to depression, with older people showing sharper increases in depression as COVID-related stress goes up. Gender was not a significant factor in any of these relations, meaning that the results apply equally well to both women and men. This study provides evidence that younger people who are also low in hardiness are most vulnerable to developing anxiety and depression while under COVID stress, and so would likely benefit from preventive intervention strategies. While anxiety and depression symptoms are highest among the young, older age groups appear more vulnerable to increasing rates of depression symptoms related to COVID stress. Clinicians and practitioners should thus be especially vigilant for COVID related increases in depression among older people, and those low in psychological hardiness.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.