Observational studyThe Journal of pediatrics2023
Adherence to Screen Time and Physical Activity Guidelines is Associated with Executive Function in US Toddlers Participating in the STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study.
Observational study in The Journal of pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03341858 (STRONG Kids 2), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
STRONG Kids 2: A Cells-to-Society Approach to Nutrition in Early Childhood
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining Associations Between Preschool Executive Control and Adolescent Physical Activity, Day-to-Day Physical Activity Variability, and Sedentary Behavior.Journal of physical activity & health · 2026Article
- COVID-19-induced educational disruptions and children's executive functioning: A longitudinal cohort study.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations of screen time and outdoor physical activity trajectories with executive function and behavioral problems in children aged 4 years in china: a prospective cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Potential Mediating Role of Good Mental Health on the Relationship Between Low Physical Activity and High Screen Time with Executive Functions in Chilean Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diet Patterns Featuring Western-Style and Low-Preparation Foods Differentially Relate to Cognitive Function in Early Childhood From the STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association Between Screen Time and Lifestyle Parameters with Executive Functions in Chilean Children and Adolescents: Potential Mediating Role of Health-Related Quality of Life.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Infant and early childhood physical health assessments in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Mobile Media Content Exposure and Toddlers' Responses to Attention Prompts and Behavioral Requests.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Western, Healthful, and Low-Preparation Diet Patterns in Preschoolers of the STRONG Kids2 Program.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2024Article
- Suboptimal movement behaviours among children under two years old in early childhood education institutions in urban China: A cross-sectional study.Journal of global health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that healthy weight status and adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for diet and physical activity would extend to greater executive function (EF) at age 24 months. STUDY
designParents of 24-month-old children from the STRONG Kids 2 cohort study (n = 352) completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Preschoolers (BRIEF-P) and reported physical activities, diet, and screen time. Toddlers met AAP guidelines if they consumed at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables, were physically active, refrained from sugar-sweetened beverages, and limited daily screen time to <60 minutes. Relationships between EF, 24-month weight status, and meeting AAP guidelines were tested independent of child sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, weight status at birth, and maternal pregnancy weight status.
resultsWeight-for-length z-score had no effect on EF. Toddlers meeting the screen time guideline had greater EF (β, -0.125; 95% CI, 0.234 to -0.008), inhibitory self-control (β, -0.142; 95% CI, -0.248 to -0.029), and emergent metacognition (β, -0.111; 95% CI, -0.221 to 0.002), indicated by lower BRIEF-P scores. Those with more minutes of screen time had poorer overall EF (β, 0.257; 95% CI, 0.118-0.384), inhibitory self-control (β, 0.231; 95% CI, 0.099-0.354), cognitive flexibility (β, 0.217; 95% CI, 0.082-0.342), and emergent metacognition (β, 0.257; 95% CI, 0.120-0.381). Daily physical activity was associated with greater emergent metacognition (β, -0.116; 95% CI, -0.225 to -0.005).
conclusionsMeeting AAP guidelines for physical activity and screen time was related to greater EF in a demographically homogenous sample of toddlers. Future randomized control trials and more diverse samples are needed to confirm the directionality of this relationship. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03341858.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.