ArticleScience advances2022
Soft-robotic ciliated epidermis for reconfigurable coordinated fluid manipulation.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- A ciliated intravascular soft millirobot for multimodal in-flow collective manipulation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Mechanical multiaxis force sensor for directly bridging sensing and fluidic actuation.Science advances · 2026Article
- An artificial cilia-based array system for sound frequency decoding and resonance-responsive drug release.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Bioinspired milliscale near-boundary undulatory motion for fluid transport and adhesive locomotion.Science advances · 2026Article
- A bioinspired microdevice unifying energy storage and actuation through hydration control.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Physical Intelligence in Small-Scale Robots and Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Soft Robotic Actuators for Bioelectronic Medicine.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Electronically configurable microscopic metasheet robots.Nature materials · 2025Article
- Non-uniform magnetic fields for collective behavior of self-assembled magnetic pillars.Swarm intelligence · 2025Article
- Article
- Integrated mechanical computing for autonomous soft machines.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Artificial-goosebump-driven microactuation.Nature materials · 2024Article
- Materials for electronically controllable microactuators.MRS bulletin · 2024Review
- Programming Deformations of 3D Microstructures: Opportunities Enabled by Magnetic Alignment of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.Accounts of materials research · 2023Article
- Wirelessly Actuated Ciliary Airway Stent for Excessive Mucus Transportation.Advanced materials technologies · 2023Article
- Actuation-enhanced multifunctional sensing and information recognition by magnetic artificial cilia arrays.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Numerical Study of Metachronal Wave-Modulated Locomotion in Magnetic Cilia Carpets.Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2023Article
- Magnetically assisted soft milli-tools for occluded lumen morphology detection.Science advances · 2023Article
- 3D-printed micrometer-scale wireless magnetic cilia with metachronal programmability.Science advances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The fluid manipulation capabilities of current artificial cilia are severely handicapped by the inability to reconfigure near-surface flow on various static or dynamically deforming three-dimensional (3D) substrates. To overcome this challenge, we propose an electrically driven soft-robotic ciliated epidermis with multiple independently controlled polypyrrole bending actuators. The beating kinematics and the coordination of multiple actuators can be dynamically reconfigured to control the strength and direction of fluid transportation. We achieve fluid transportation along and perpendicular to the beating directions of the actuator arrays, and toward or away from the substrate. The ciliated epidermises are bendable and stretchable and can be deployed on various static or dynamically deforming 3D surfaces. They enable previously difficult to obtain fluid manipulation functionalities, such as transporting fluid in tubular structures or enhancing fluid transportation near dynamically bending and expanding surfaces.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.