ArticlePLoS biology2022
Macrophages take up VLDL-sized emulsion particles through caveolae-mediated endocytosis and excrete part of the internalized triglycerides as fatty acids.
Article in PLoS biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Zinc accumulation in macrophages exacerbates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Sustained estimated VLDL-C exposure is associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and foam cell dysfunction: evidence from prospective cohorts andJournal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Hypertriglyceridaemia and its multifaceted mechanisms driving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Associations of cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index with new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: evidence from a nationwide prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Reduced postprandial lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes by olezarsen attenuates pro-inflammatory changes in hypertriglyceridemic patients.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- The impact of dyslipidemia on skeletal health - from an immunoregulatory perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting Metabolic Dysregulation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: The Emerging Role of N-Acetylcysteine.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle transfer of miR-1 to adipose tissue modifies lipolytic pathways following resistance exercise.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Biomechanics-mediated endocytosis in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- TREM2 Regulates the Removal of Apoptotic Cells and Inflammatory Processes during the Progression of NAFLD.Cells · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream as part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and chylomicrons, which represent the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants contribute to atherosclerosis, possibly by carrying remnant cholesterol and/or by exerting a proinflammatory effect on macrophages. Nevertheless, little is known about how macrophages process triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here, using VLDL-sized triglyceride-rich emulsion particles, we aimed to study the mechanism by which VLDL triglycerides are taken up, processed, and stored in macrophages. Our results show that macrophage uptake of VLDL-sized emulsion particles is dependent on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and requires the lipoprotein-binding C-terminal domain but not the catalytic N-terminal domain of LPL. Subsequent internalization of VLDL-sized emulsion particles by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by triglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lysosomal acid lipase. It is shown that STARD3 is required for the transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for subsequent storage as triglycerides, while NPC1 likely is involved in promoting the extracellular efflux of fatty acids from lysosomes. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete part of the internalized triglycerides as fatty acids.
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