ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2022
Paramagnetic rims are a promising diagnostic imaging biomarker in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expert Panel Consensus Guidelines of the German Society of Neuroradiology on the Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Multiple Sclerosis.Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Guideline
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Pooled it
- Reliability of paramagnetic rim lesion classification on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in people with multiple sclerosis: Single-site experience and systematic review.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Pooled it
- AI-Powered Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (AI-GEPCI)-A Comprehensive Neurological Protocol From a Single MRI Scan.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Cervical Spinal Cord at 3T and Application to Multiple Sclerosis.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Central Vein Sign and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Assessment of Prevalence and Anatomical Location.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesion integration for multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Two cases with overlapping features of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Performance of the 2024 McDonald Criteria in Patients Under Evaluation for Suspected Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2026Article
- AI-powered Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (AI-GEPCI) - a Comprehensive Multiparametric Neurological Protocol from a Single MRI Scan.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Hidden Pitfall in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging: How Standard Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) May Miss Paramagnetic Rim Lesions.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2026Article
- Study protocol for the Champaign-Urbana population study.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Diagnosis and Its Differentiation from Neurological Mimics, MS and ALS: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Updates in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2025Review
- Frequency and Diagnostic Implications of Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in People Presenting for Diagnosis to a Multiple Sclerosis Clinic.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Health Care Use Before Multiple Sclerosis Symptom Onset.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Pediatric multiple sclerosis: Improving outcome through high-efficacy therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Clinical integration of brain and cord MRI features improves differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI): Technical Aspects and Applications in Brain MRI for Neurodegenerative Disorders.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigating Whether Dissemination in Time Is Essential to Diagnose Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhite matter lesions (WMLs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) may contribute to misdiagnosis. In chronic active lesions, peripheral iron-laden macrophages appear as paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs).
objectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PRLs in differentiating MS from mimics using clinical 3T MRI scanners.
methodThis retrospective international study reviewed MRI scans of patients with MS (
resultsAt least one PRL was found in 22.9% of MS and 26.1% of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients. Only one PRL was found elsewhere. The identification of ⩾1 PRL was the optimal cut-off and had high specificity (99.7%, confidence interval (CI) = 98.20%-99.99%) when distinguishing MS and CIS from mimics and healthy controls, but lower sensitivity (24.0%, CI = 18.9%-36.6%). All patients with a PRL showing a central vein sign (CVS) in the same lesion (
conclusionPRLs may reduce diagnostic uncertainty in MS by being a highly specific imaging diagnostic biomarker, especially when used in conjunction with the CVS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.