Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36017698›Full record

ArticleCirculation research2022

Retinol and Retinol Binding Protein 4 Levels and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk.

Catarina Schiborn, Daniela Weber, Tilman Grune, Ronald Biemann, Susanne Jäger, Natascha Neu, Marie Müller von Blumencron, Andreas Fritsche, Cornelia Weikert, Matthias B Schulze and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Circulation research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Usefulness of Retinol-Binding Protein in Predicting Mortality in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Catarina SchibornGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).ORCID 0000-0002-9556-4540
Daniela WeberGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).ORCID 0000-0002-2054-6233
Tilman GruneGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).ORCID 0000-0003-4775-9973
Ronald BiemannInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (R.B.).
Susanne JägerGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).
Natascha NeuGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).
Marie Müller von BlumencronGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).
Andreas FritscheGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany (C.S., S.J., A.F., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).
Cornelia WeikertDepartment of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany (C. Weikert).
Matthias B Schulze *German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).ORCID 0000-0002-0830-5277
Clemens Wittenbecher *German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (C.S., D.W., T.G., S.J., N.N., M.M.v.B., M.B.S., C. Wittenbecher).ORCID 0000-0001-7792-877X
Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. · DEGerman Institute of Human Nutrition · DEFederal Institute for Risk Assessment · DEGerman Centre for Cardiovascular Research · DEHarvard University · USUniversity Hospital Leipzig · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite mechanistic studies linking retinol and RBP4 (retinol binding protein 4) to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), epidemiological evidence is still conflicting. We investigated whether conflicting results of previous studies may be explained by differences in the association of retinol and RBP4 with cardiometabolic risk across subgroups with distinct sex, hypertension state, liver, or kidney function.

methodsWe used case-cohorts nested in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition)-Potsdam cohort (N=27 548) comprising a random sample of participants (n=2500) and all physician-verified cases of incident CVD (n=508, median follow-up time 8.2 years) and T2D (n=820, median follow-up time 6.3 years). We estimated nonlinear and linear multivariable-adjusted associations between the biomarkers and cardiometabolic diseases by restricted cubic splines and Cox regression, respectively, testing potential interactions with hypertension, liver, and kidney function. Additionally, we performed 2-sample Mendelian Randomization analyses in publicly available data.

resultsThe association of retinol with cardiometabolic risk was modified by hypertension state (

conclusionsOur findings suggest a hypertension-dependent relationship between plasma retinol and cardiometabolic risk and complex interactions of RBP4 with sex and hypertension on cardiometabolic risk.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypertensionBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleNutrition SurveysProspective StudiesRetinol-Binding Proteins, PlasmaRisk FactorsVitamin ABiomarkersRBP4 protein, humanRetinol-Binding Proteins, PlasmaVitamin Acardiovascular diseaseshypertensionlipoproteinmyocardial infarctionrisk

Identifiers

PMID36017698
PMCPMC9473720
OpenAlexW4293194954

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.