ArticleBioMed research international2022
Fingolimod Nanoemulsions at Different Particle Sizes Define the Fate of Spinal Cord Injury Recovery.
Article in BioMed research international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoformulated fingolimod attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotes functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Response to "Nanoformulated fingolimod for spinal cord injury: promising anti‑neuroinflammatory effects but unsubstantiated bioavailability claims".Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Enhancing Lung Recovery: Inhaled Poly(lactic-ACS nano · 2025Article
- Review
- Fingolimod Nanoemulsions at Different Particle Sizes Define the Fate of Spinal Cord Injury Recovery.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- The Twofold Role of Osteogenic Small Molecules in Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: Crosstalk of Osteogenesis and Neurogenesis.BioMed research international · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition for which no definitive treatment has yet been identified. Notably, it influences other tissues through inflammatory reactions and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, fingolimod (FTY-720), as an FDA-approved inflammatory modulator, would be promising. In the present study, nanocarriers with two distinct monodisperse particle sizes of 60 (nF60) and 190 (nF190) nm were prepared via low-(stirring) and high-energy (probe ultrasound) emulsion oil in water (O/W) methods. Larger nanocarriers showed higher EE% and sustained-release profile than smaller nanocarriers. Neural stem cell (NSC) viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were studied in the presence of nanocarriers and free FTY-720. The results indicated that nanocarriers and free FTY-720 enhanced NSC viability compared with the control group. However, nF190 induced significantly less cell membrane damage than nF60. Nanocarriers and free FTY-720 enhanced motor neuron recovery in SCI rats, while body weight and return to bladder reflux by nF190 were significantly higher than those in the nF60 group. Return to bladder reflux might be due to the role of FTY-720 in the regulation of detrusor muscle tone and preservation of the integrity of vessels by acting on endothelial cells. Moreover, nF190 gained higher soleus muscle weight than the free drugs; probably decreasing proinflammatory cytokines in the soleus diminishes muscular atrophy in SCI rats. In summary, it might be said that larger nanocarriers with sustained-release profile and less cell membrane damage seem to be more efficient than smaller ones to manage SCI and enhance bladder reflux. These data will help pharmaceutical companies select the correct particle size for nanodrugs and develop more efficient drug formulations to treat SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.