ArticleArchives of rheumatology2022
Impact of vitamin D level and supplementation on systemic lupus erythematosus patients during COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Archives of rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Lupus Nephritis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Implications Before, During, and After.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Vitamin D as an Immune Modulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The role of vitamin D in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus - a double pawn in the immune and microbial balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Vitamin D level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: its relationship to disease course and bone mineral density.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of serum vitamin D level in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease on severity of infection, duration of COVID-19 disease course, and fatigue development as a complication of both SLE and COVID-19. Patients and methods: Between April 2020 and January 2021, a total of 38 patients (31 males, 7 females; mean age: 49.2±8.1 years; range, 38 to 65 years) who were previously diagnosed with SLE and on different lines of lupus management were included. The patients presented to chest outpatient clinic and emergency hospital with manifestations suggesting COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D levels were measured in serum by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vitamin D supplement was added to treatment protocols for COVID-19. Results: Thirteen (34.2%) patients had normal baseline serum vitamin D levels (≥30 ng/mL), nine (23.7%) patients had vitamin D insufficiency (21 to 29 ng/mL), and 16 (42.1%) patients had vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/mL). Low vitamin D levels (insufficiency & deficiency) patients had long SLE disease duration (p=0.06). Also, there was a significant long time spent until recovery from COVID-19 infection in low vitamin D levels (insufficiency & deficiency) patient groups versus those with normal vitamin D (p=0.019). Low baseline vitamin D level patients mainly presented with severe COVID19 symptoms (p=0.04). Patients recovered from COVID-19 had normal vitamin D levels than those who died or were lost to follow-up (p=0.07). After recovery from COVID-19, fatigue was more common in SLE patients with low baseline vitamin D level. Conclusion: Vitamin D seems to play a certain role in the management of COVID-19 infection in SLE patients. Patients with normal vitamin D levels have less severe symptoms, shorter time to recovery, improved COVID-19 outcomes, and less development of fatigue after COVID-19 infection.
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