ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Sex bias in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: How it influences clinical course, MRI parameters and prognosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Analysis of MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG Serology, Demographics, and Seasonality From Large Neuroimmunology Laboratory Registry and Clinical Cohorts.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- Demyelinating disorders in women: epidemiology, immunology, and clinical implications across MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- AQP4-IgG-Induced Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Mitochondrial DNA Regulate the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway to Drive Microglial Activation and Neuromyelitis Optica.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Sex and gender as contributors to brain pathophysiology, clinical course, and therapeutic response in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Case Report: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with anti-argonaute antibodies presenting with subacute combined degeneration-like features.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biological Sex and Body Mass Index Influence the Longitudinal Evolution of Adolescent and Young Adult Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Visible Perivascular Spaces.Pediatric neurology · 2025Article
- Beyond the optic disc: Investigating gender-based differences in optic neuritis.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Review
- Evaluation of CD3+CD56+ NKT and CD19+ B Cells in Assessing the Relapse of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Patients Treated With Rituximab.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Research hotspots and emerging topics in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder treatment: Insights from a bibliometric analysis.Medicine · 2025Review
- Role of Long Non-Coding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (Non-coding RNA · 2025Article
- Sex differences in multiple sclerosis relapse presentation and outcome: a retrospective, monocentric study of 134 relapse events.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the burden of multiple sclerosis in China from 1990 to 2019 and its 25-year projection: An analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with Sick Sinus Syndrome: Two Cases and a Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Challenges for Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Structural and functional brain damage in women with multiple sclerosis: A mini-review of neuroimaging sex-based studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Differential diagnosis between NMOSD and MS: a retrospective study based on clinical and imaging features.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review is a condensed summary of representative articles addressing the sex/gender bias in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The strong effects of sex on the incidence and possibly also the activity and progression of these disorders should be implemented in the evaluation of any phase of clinical research and also in treatment choice consideration in clinical practice and evaluation of MRI parameters. Some relationships between clinical variables and gender still remain elusive but with further understanding of sex/gender-related differences, we should be able to provide appropriate patient-centered care and research.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.