ReviewVaccines2022
Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with solid tumours.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccination of Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Guideline
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Pooled it
- SEOM-GGCC clinical guidelines for the prophylaxis of infectious diseases in patients with cancer (UPDATE 2026).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- RAD001-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Synergizes With Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Therapy to Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1-Low Murine Lung Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Current Vaccination Principles and Practices in Adult Cancer Patients.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Review
- Vaccination in Oncology Patients: Evidence, Clinical Challenges, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Factors influencing influenza vaccine hesitancy among cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study based on the Health Belief Model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Vaccination Against Respiratory Infections in Adults with Cancer: A Concise Guide for Clinicians.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A phase II study of nivolumab, ipilimumab, and radiation in combination with influenza vaccine in patients with pancreatic cancer (INFLUENCE).Immuno-oncology technology · 2025Article
- Early mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection treated with immunotherapy.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Associations between immune checkpoint inhibitor response, immune-related adverse events, and steroid use in RADIOHEAD: a prospective pan-tumor cohort study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Improving CD3 bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumors using combination strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vaccination: Assessing Safety, Efficacy, and Synergistic Potential.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Vaccination of Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Clinical Insights.JCO oncology practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Pleiotropic Effects of Influenza Vaccination.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and the Exposome: Host-Extrinsic Factors Determine Response, Survival, and Toxicity.Cancer research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The potential increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) post-influenza vaccine is a concern in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies reporting the effects of influenza vaccination in patients with cancer during ICI treatment. We searched five electronic databases until 01/2022. Two authors independently selected studies, appraised their quality, and collected data. The primary outcome was the determination of pooled irAE rates. Secondary outcomes included determination of immunogenicity and influenza infection rates and cancer-related outcomes. Nineteen studies (26 publications, n = 4705) were included; 89.5% were observational. Vaccinated patients reported slighter lower rates of irAEs compared to unvaccinated patients (32% versus 41%, respectively). Seroprotection for influenza type A was 78%-79%, and for type B was 75%. Influenza and irAE-related death rates were similar between groups. The pooled proportion of participants reporting a laboratory-confirmed infection was 2% (95% CI 0% to 6%), and influenza-like illness was 14% (95% CI 2% to 32%). No differences were reported on the rates of laboratory-confirmed infection between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Longer progression-free and overall survival was also observed in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated patients. Current evidence suggests that influenza vaccination is safe in patients receiving ICIs, does not increase the risk of irAEs, and may improve survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.