ArticlePharmaceutics2022
A β-Sitosterol Encapsulated Biocompatible Alginate/Chitosan Polymer Nanocomposite for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Diastereomeric Steroidal Spiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes with Sitostanone Motif Using PLS2 Chemometric Analysis of DFT-Calculated and ExperimentalMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- β-Sitosterol-loaded leciplexes attenuate rheumatoid arthritis in rats by modulating JAK2/STAT3, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Preparation and Application of Sodium Alginate-Based Composite Hydrogels in Wound Dressings.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Screening the Active Phytochemicals FromCancer innovation · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Steroidogenesis in Prostate Cancer Cells by Both a Natural and Another Synthetic Steroid.Drug development research · 2025Article
- Remodeling the tumor microenvironment: regulatory effects of β-sitosterol and luteolin on the immunosuppressive milieu in endometrial carcinoma and implications for combinatorial immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- β-Sitosterol-Dietary sources and role in cancer and diabetes management.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- β-Sitosterol alleviates the malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibiting GSK3B expression.Human cell · 2024Article
- Targeting triple negative breast cancer stem cells using nanocarriers.Discover nano · 2024Review
- Article
- Causal association of dietary factors with five common cancers: univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Combination of Nanodelivery Systems and Constituents Derived from Novel Foods: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- From Plants to Wound Dressing and Transdermal Delivery of Bioactive Compounds.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Enhanced drug delivery and wound healing potential of berberine-loaded chitosan-alginate nanocomposite gel: characterization andFrontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Inflammation by β-Caryophyllene Extracted from Cloves in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
β−sitosterol is the most abundant type of phytosterol or plant sterol and can be found in various plant dietary sources including natural oils, soy products, and nuts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic and clinical applications of β−sitosterol including lowering low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels, scavenging free radicals in the body, and interestingly, treating and preventing cancer. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing β−sitosterol encapsulated Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles (β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs) and evaluating their effectiveness in breast cancer treatment and their pharmacokinetic profile in vivo. The synthesized NPs, which incurred a mean size of 25 ± 1 nm, were extensively characterized in vitro for various parameters including surface charge and morphology. The NPs were further analyzed using DSC, FT-IR, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. The release of β−sito from NPs was carried out in a bio-relevant medium of pH 7.4 and pH 5.5 and samples were drawn off and analyzed under time frames of 0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 48, 80, and 96 h, and the best kinetic release model was developed after fitting drug release data into different kinetic models. The metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the prepared formulation was assessed. The radical scavenging potential of β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs was also studied. The pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, half-life (t1/2), and bioavailability were measured for β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs as compared to β−sito−suspension. The β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs stability was assessed at biological pH 7.4. The % drug release in PBS of pH 7.4 reportedly has shown 41 ± 6% vs. 11 ± 1% from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. In acidic pH 5.5 mimicking the tumor microenvironment has shown 75 ± 9% vs. 12 ± 4% drug release from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. When compared to the β−sito−suspension, the β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs demonstrated greater cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and ~3.41-fold higher oral bioavailability. Interestingly, this work demonstrated that β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs showed higher cytotoxicity due to improved bioavailability and antioxidant potential compared to the β−sito−suspension.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.