ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Are Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients Than in Pneumonia Patients with Bacterial Infections.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of in-house PCR assays and cross-sectional molecular surveillance of infectious pathogens in adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal sepsis in central India.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A Clinical Data-Based Nomogram Prediction Model for ARDS in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Advanced glycation end products exacerbate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury with diabetes by promoting ferroptosis via AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase signaling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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17 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Aims: We investigate how fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels affect the clinical severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, pneumonia patients with sole bacterial infection, and pneumonia patients with concurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Methods: We enrolled 2761 COVID-19 patients, 1686 pneumonia patients with bacterial infections, and 2035 pneumonia patients with concurrent infections. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the associations between FBG levels and clinical severity. Results: FBG levels in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than in other pneumonia patients during hospitalisation and at discharge (all p < 0.05). Among COVID-19 patients, the odds ratios of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure (RF), acute hepatitis/liver failure (AH/LF), length of stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were 12.80 (95% CI, 4.80−37.96), 5.72 (2.95−11.06), 2.60 (1.20−5.32), 1.42 (1.26−1.59), and 5.16 (3.26−8.17) times higher in the FBG ≥7.0 mmol/L group than in FBG < 6.1 mmol/L group, respectively. The odds ratios of RF, AH/LF, length of stay, and ICU admission were increased to a lesser extent in pneumonia patients with sole bacterial infection (3.70 [2.21−6.29]; 1.56 [1.17−2.07]; 0.98 [0.88−1.11]; 2.06 [1.26−3.36], respectively). The odds ratios of ARDS, RF, AH/LF, length of stay, and ICU admission were increased to a lesser extent in pneumonia patients with concurrent infections (3.04 [0.36−6.41]; 2.31 [1.76−3.05]; 1.21 [0.97−1.52]; 1.02 [0.93−1.13]; 1.72 [1.19−2.50], respectively). Among COVID-19 patients, the incidence rate of ICU admission on day 21 in the FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L group was six times higher than in the FBG < 6.1 mmol/L group (12.30% vs. 2.21%, p < 0.001). Among other pneumonia patients, the incidence rate of ICU admission on day 21 was only two times higher. Conclusions: Elevated FBG levels at admission predict subsequent clinical severity in all pneumonia patients regardless of the underlying pathogens, but COVID-19 patients are more sensitive to FBG levels, and suffer more severe clinical complications than other pneumonia patients.
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