ReviewNutrients2022
Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs.
Review in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07126717 (Confirmatory Study on the Acute Effects of Zynamite® S on Cognitive Function and Mood in University Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Confirmatory Study on the Acute Effects of Zynamite® S on Cognitive Function and Mood in University Students: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological treatments for vascular dementia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- A full-spectrum aqueous extract of black cardamom (Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Methylliberine Ingestion Improves Various Indices of Affect but Not Cognitive Function in Healthy Men and Women.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Therapeutic Potential of Oxiracetam in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Prevalence and predictors of natural nootropic supplement use among medical and pharmacy students: a single-institution cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Role of Nootropic Supplements in Sports: Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance Simultaneously.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Review
- A Mini-review on Unlocking Cognitive Enhancement: An Innovative Strategy for Optimal Brain Functions.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Focus on Cognitive Enhancement: A Narrative Overview of Nootropics and "Smart Drug" Use and Misuse.Biology · 2025Review
- Positive AMPA and Kainate Receptor Modulators and Their Therapeutic Potential in CNS Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Occurrence of Illicit Smart Drugs or Nootropics in Europe and Australia and Their Associated Dangers: Results from a Market Surveillance Study by 12 Official Medicines Control Laboratories.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Identification of neuronal synapse-related signatures and potential therapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer based on machine learning algorithms and molecular docking.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Acute Supplementation of Soluble Mango Leaf Extract (ZynamitePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Effect of a Plant-Based Nootropic Supplement on Perceptual Decision-Making and Brain Network Interdependencies: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Editorial: Neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Unveiling the role of erinacines in the neuroprotective effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024.F1000Research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nootropics, also known as "smart drugs" are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several main representatives, and for each one, its uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosage, and possible side effects and contraindications are discussed. For the nootropic plant extracts, there is also a brief description of each plant representative, its occurrence, history, and chemical composition of the medicinal part. Lastly, specific recommendations regarding the use of nootropics by both ill and healthy individuals are summarized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.