ArticleNutrients2022
Disparities in Obesity Rates among Adults: Analysis of 514 Districts in Indonesia.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- From gene to plate in Indonesia: a food system framework for the triple burden of malnutrition.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Trends in the double burden of malnutrition among Indonesian adults, 2007 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of socioeconomic status on obesity in older adults: the suppressive effect of social support and sleep quality.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota profile in adults with abdominal obesity and non-abdominal obesity: links to body composition and macronutrient intake in Semarang, Indonesia-a brief research report.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Growing Up Unequal: Disparities of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Indonesia's 514 Districts.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Beyond the Plate: Uncovering Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake across Indonesian Districts.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Does the Disparity Patterning Differ between Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Hypertension among Adults? Evidence from Indonesia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- District-Level Inequalities in Hypertension among Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis by Sex and Age Group.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, it was estimated that over 650 million adults 18 years old and older were obese in 2016. It is an increasing global health challenge with a significant health and economic impact. Thus, understanding geographic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity among adults is crucial.
methodsWe combined geospatial and quantitative analyses to assess the disparity in obesity across 514 districts in Indonesia. We used the Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2018 for obesity data and the World Bank database for socioeconomic data. Dependent variables included obesity prevalence among all adults (18+ years), males, females, young adults (18-24 years), adults (25-59 years), and older adults (60+ years).
resultsWe found significant geographic and socioeconomic disparities in adult obesity in Indonesia. In terms of region, districts in Java and Bali had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity than those in Papua, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara. Districts in Java had 29%, 32%, 60%, and 28% higher prevalence of obesity among all adults, female adults, young adults, and adults. By income, compared to the poorest ones, most affluent districts had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity; they had a 36%, 39%, 34%, 42%, 33%, and 73% higher prevalence of obesity among all adults, males, females, young adults, adults, and older adults. Similarly, by education, compared to the least educated ones, the most educated districts had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity; they had a 34%, 42%, 29%, 36%, and 80% higher prevalence of obesity among all adults, males, females, adults, and older adults.
conclusionsThere are significant disparities in adult obesity among 514 districts in Indonesia. Efforts by policymakers and stakeholders are needed to reduce obesity among adults, especially within districts with high prevalence.
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