ReviewMicromachines2022
Recent Progress in Development and Applications of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite.
Review in Micromachines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-Dimensional PNP-FEM of a Layered IPMC Artificial Skin Under Finger-like Sliding for Robotic Tactile Interfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Core-Shell Polyaniline-Carbon Nanotube Electrodes with Engineered Interfaces for High-Performance Ionic Polymer-Gel Composite Actuators.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optical Microscopy for High-Resolution IPMC Displacement Measurement.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimizing β-Phase Content in PVDF Membranes via Modification of Dope Solution with Citric Acid/Nano-TiOPolymers · 2025Article
- Article
- A Review on Electroactive Polymer-Metal Composites: Development and Applications for Tissue Regeneration.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Review
- Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- Gold nanowire mesh electrode for electromechanical device.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- 3D Printing of Layered Structures of Metal-Ionic Polymers: Recent Progress, Challenges and Opportunities.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Design of Laboratory Stand for Displacement Measurement of IPMC Actuators.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that reacts to electrical stimuli, such as voltage, and can be divided into electronic and ionic EAP by an electrical energy transfer mechanism within the polymer. The mechanism of ionic EAP is the movement of the positive ions inducing voltage change in the polymer membrane. Among the ionic EAPs, an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) is composed of a metal electrode on the surface of the polymer membrane. A common material for the polymer membrane of IPMC is Nafion containing hydrogen ions, and platinum, gold, and silver are commonly used for the electrode. As a result, IPMC has advantages, such as low voltage requirements, large bending displacement, and bidirectional actuation. Manufacturing of IPMC is composed of preparing the polymer membrane and plating electrode. Preparation methods for the membrane include solution casting, hot pressing, and 3D printing. Meanwhile, electrode formation methods include electroless plating, electroplating, direct assembly process, and sputtering deposition. The manufactured IPMC is widely demonstrated in applications such as grippers, micro-pumps, biomedical, biomimetics, bending sensors, flow sensors, energy harvesters, biosensors, and humidity sensors. This paper will review the overall field of IPMC by demonstrating the categorization, principle, materials, and manufacturing method of IPMC and its applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.