Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36014171›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2022

Free Space Optics Transmission Performance Enhancement for Sustaining 5G High Capacity Data Services.

Mustafa Kamal, Jahanzeb Khan, Yousaf Khan, Farman Ali, Ammar Armghan, Fazal Muhammad, Nasim Ullah, Sattam Alotaibi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mustafa KamalDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Iqra National University, Peshawar 25124, Pakistan.
Jahanzeb KhanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Iqra National University, Peshawar 25124, Pakistan.
Yousaf KhanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Pesawar 25000, Pakistan.
Farman AliDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Qurtuba University of Science and IT, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
Ammar ArmghanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9062-7493
Fazal MuhammadDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0405-0083
Nasim UllahDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7208-6374
Sattam AlotaibiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7747-4701

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enhanced bandwidth issues for 5G system are fruitfully resolved by organizing free space optics (FSO) communication frameworks. The high bandwidth, the maximum number of channel transmission requirements, and high data rate have been boosted during the last years because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The online services and digital applications have increased pressure on installed optical network models. In addition, the optical networks with high capacity transmission produce nonlinear distortions, which degrade system efficiency. This paper presents a mixed FSO and fiber network to tackle the factors of nonlinearities and enrich the system capacity and range. Furthermore, the issues related to radio frequency, FSO pointing, and co-channel interference are considered in this work. The theoretical and simulation structures are validated using advanced measuring parameters, such as bit error rate (BER), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), cumulative distribution function (CDF), and outage probability. The nonlinear factors are addressed successfully, and the capacity is developed from current models. Finally, the proposed model's limitations and future direction are discussed in this paper.

Indexed as

co-channel interferencefree space opticsfree space pointing errorsnonlinear interference

Identifiers

PMID36014171
PMCPMC9413103

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.