The Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Training on Calf Producers' Knowledge, Treatment Behaviors and Quantified Antimicrobial Use.

The judicious use of antimicrobials on farms is necessary to mitigate the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that compromise human and animal health. On livestock farms, veterinarians prescribe and dispense antimicrobials, but producers use rapid judgements of disease severity to make routine decisions on the initiation of empirical antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, the knowledge and skills required to accurately diagnose treatable bacterial infections is necessary for optimal antimicrobial stewardship. Veal calves often undergo stressors and environmental exposures that increase calves' risk of bacterial infections, and antimicrobials are sometimes necessary to ensure their health. The objective of this trial was to measure the impact of antimicrobial stewardship training on calf producers' knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship, accuracy of identifying calves for treatment, and quantified antimicrobial use. Eight farms were evenly allocated into either intervention or control groups. Training resulted in both higher scores on assessments and higher sensitivity for detecting cases that required antimicrobial therapy relative to a veterinarian. Importantly, there was a 50% reduction in the antimicrobial dosing rate among intervention farms relative to control farms. Antimicrobial stewardship training among calf producers was effective at changing producers' behaviors and reducing antimicrobial use.