SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Glymphatic System a Window on TBI Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms of inflammatory response in secondary brain injury: a review of computational approaches, challenges, and future directions.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Review
- Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Intracranial Compliance: Toward Personalized Decision-Making.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum using gyrencephalic ferrets.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Aerospace stressors and brain health in military aviators: a glymphatic-neurovascular framework.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- CT Brain Utilization After Low-Risk Head Injury in Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Literature Review.Cureus · 2026Article
- Network mechanisms of glymphatic system dysfunction in the disruption of the "brain-lung axis".Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune dysregulation after traumatic brain injury: immunomodulatory strategies to prevent infectious complications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Interplay between gut Microbiome and glymphatic system in cognitive function and memory regulation.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems may converge, connecting traumatic brain injury progression with chronic traumatic encephalopathy onset.Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2025Review
- Integrative Diagnostic and Prognostic Paradigms in Diffuse Axonal Injury: Insights from Clinical, Histopathological, Biomolecular, Radiological, and AI-Based Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bleeding pattern in the early phase after experimental rotational acceleration induced traumatic brain injury.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Implications for soluble iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and glial glutamate release in motor neuron death associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2025Review
- Traumatic brain injury persistently increases the incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes: Potential mechanisms.Progress in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Near-Infrared Imaging of Glymphatic Clearance in a Pre-Clinical Model of Repetitive Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Relationship between glymphatic system dysfunction and cognitive impairment in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Evolutionary changes leading to efficient glymphatic circulation in the mammalian brain.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Sedation Vacations in Neurocritical Care: Friend or Foe?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Brain Involvement in Sepsis: A Relationship Supported by Immunohistochemistry.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Advances in the study of the glymphatic system and aging.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Altered DTI scalars in the hippocampus are associated with morphological and structural changes after traumatic brain injury.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, the attention of the scientific world has focused on a clearance system of brain waste metabolites, called the glymphatic system, based on its similarity to the lymphatic system in peripheral tissue and the relevant role of the AQP4 glial channels and described for the first time in 2012. Consequently, numerous studies focused on its role in organ damage in cases of neuropathologies, including TBI.
methodsTo evaluate the role that the glymphatic system has in the pathogenesis of TBI, on 23 March 2022, a systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines was carried out using the SCOPUS and Medline (via PubMed) databases, resulting in 12 articles after the selection process. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionThe present review demonstrated that an alteration of AQP4 is associated with the accumulation of substances S100b, GFAP, and NSE, known markers of TBI in the forensic field. In addition, the alteration of the functionality of AQP4 favors edema, which, as already described, constitutes alterations of secondary brain injuries. Moreover, specific areas of the brain were demonstrated to be prone to alterations of the glymphatic pathway, suggesting their involvement in post-TBI damage. Therefore, further studies are mandatory. In this regard, a study protocol on cadavers is also proposed, based on the analyzed evidence.
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