ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
A Comparative Study of the Plasma Chemokine Profile in COVID-19 Patients Infected with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron EG.5 and JN.1 induce enhanced pathogenicity in K18-hACE2 mice compared with the early Omicron subvariants.Lab animal · 2026Article
- Cytokine Dynamics in Severe COVID-19 vs. Influenza A Elderly Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Insight to Neglected Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review".Biomarker insights · 2026Review
- Integrated miR-omics and proteomics reveal the regulatory role of miR in protein networks associated with COVID-19 disease progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Principal component analysis of cytokine signature in COVID-19 and Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Innate immune activation and mitochondrial ROS induce acute and persistent cardiac conduction system dysfunction after COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Article
- Redefining Normal: Cytokine Dysregulation in Long COVID and the Post-Pandemic Healthy Donors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- EpInflammAge: Epigenetic-Inflammatory Clock for Disease-Associated Biological Aging Based on Deep Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Nucleic acid-induced chemokine expression in keratinocytes: Implications for skin inflammation.PloS one · 2025Article
- Immune and inflammation features of severe and critical Omicron infected patients during Omicron wave in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A narrative review of chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 and their role in acute respiratory distress syndrome.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Utility of nasal swabs for assessing mucosal immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 in unvaccinated pregnant mothers impairs neonatal immune responses.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Compartmentalized Regulation of Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammation in Critical COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2023Article
- Mild/Asymptomatic Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Immune Paralysis in Fetal Circulation and Immune Dysregulation in Fetal-Placental Tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The Potential Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System and Skin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible Treatments: All options on the Table.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfection caused by SARS-CoV-2 mostly affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and causes symptoms ranging from the common cold to pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chemokines are deeply involved in the chemoattraction, proliferation, and activation of immune cells within inflammation. It is crucial to consider that mutations within the virion can potentially affect the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection because disease severity and manifestation vary depending on the genetic variant. Our objective was to measure and assess the different concentrations of chemokines involved in COVID-19 caused by different variants of the virus.
methodsWe used the blood plasma of patients infected with different variants of SARS-CoV-2, i.e., the ancestral Wuhan strain and the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. We measured the concentrations of 11 chemokines in the samples: CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, and CX3CL1/Fractalkine.
resultsWe noted a statistically significant elevation in the concentrations of CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL8/IL-8, and CXCL1/IP-10 independently of the variant, and a drop in the CCL22/MDC concentrations.
conclusionsThe chemokine concentrations varied significantly depending on the viral variant, leading us to infer that mutations in viral proteins play a role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune responses.
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