ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Immunotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Starring Phagocytes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanohydroxyapatite composites' toxicity and biosafety for safe clinical translation.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Nanocarbon as a Quantum Material for Biointerfaces and Magnetic Platforms in Theranostic Biomedicine in Oncology: A Critical Review.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle Engineering in Modern Vaccinology: From Delivery Platforms to Immune-Programming Architectures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development of Chitosan-Carbon Dot Hybrid Nanoemulsomes for MEIS2 Inhibitor Delivery and Bioimaging in Colorectal Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metal nanoparticles in cancer theranostics: from synthesis to tumor microenvironment-responsive applications.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Review
- Biomedical Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Exploring Recent Advances in Therapeutics, Diagnostics, and Tissue Engineering.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- From innovation to application: safety concerns in nanomaterial implant coatings.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Carbon-Nanotube-Based Nanocomposites in Environmental Remediation: An Overview of Typologies and Applications and an Analysis of Their Paradoxical Double-Sided Effects.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Nanotubes: From Synthesis and Promising Antimicrobial Upshots to Unanticipated Toxicities, Strategies to Limit Them, and Regulatory Issues.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nanomedicine and Its Role in Surgical Wound Infections: A Practical Approach.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Human Primary Monocytes as a Model for in vitro Immunotoxicity Testing: Evaluation of the Regulatory Properties of TiOInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Opportunities and Toxicological Concerns.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Nanobiotechnology for the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.