ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Healthcare Professionals' Subjective Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Methodological Appraisal of Conceptual Models, Measurement Instruments, and Associated Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Consequences and Psychological Well-Being in Students: The Mediating Role of Trait Anxiety.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Monthly changes in well-being among Danish employees from 2018 to 2022. Was there an influence of the COVID-19 pandemic?Scandinavian journal of public health · 2026Article
- The Psychological Dimensions of Dieting: A Two-Phase Study on Body Appreciation, Nutritional Awareness and Mental Well-Being.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Differential Impact of a Digital Mental Health Engagement Platform on Black and Female Health Care Workers: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- How Eudaimonia Impacts Global and Differential Life Satisfaction Independent of the General Mental Health Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Changes in mental health during participation in Art Pharmacy: a longitudinal study of a U.S. arts-based social prescribing program.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The role of multivitamin and mineral supplements in supporting health and well-being: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Taiwan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of AI Literacy on Well-Being Among Nursing Students-Mediating Roles of Empowerment and Anxiety: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR nursing · 2025Article
- Mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic - a longitudinal study over 42 months in five European countries.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of a peer-led mindful self-compassion program for adults with eating disorder symptoms.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of frailty with physical activity behaviour and well-being in older employees: moderated mediation by functional difficulty.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Adult Hope Scale: validation in older adults.Australian journal of psychology · 2025Article
- Psychometric evaluation and updated community norms of the WHO-5 well-being index, based on a representative German sample.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Psychometric evidence of the WHO-5 well-being index in a sample of participants from hospitals and older adults care centers in Peru.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Cross-country validation of the Arabic version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in non-clinical young adults from six Arab countries.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Nurses' well-being and its relationship with quality of nursing work life at Alsalam and Al Haram Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Well-being, physical activity and health promotion among officers and ratings on board cargo ships: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Well-being and quality of life of Kenyan nurses, midwives and community health volunteers: Measurement properties and correlates of the BBQ and WHO-5.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Validation and cutoff score for the single-item sleep quality scale.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nurses' well-being has been increasingly recognised due to the ongoing pandemic. However, no validation scales measuring nurses' well-being currently exist. Thus, we aimed to validate the WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) in a sample of nurses. A cross-sectional multinational study was conducted, and a total of 678 nurses who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (36.9%), Chile (40.0%) and Norway (23.1%) participated in this study. The nurses completed the WHO-5, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) and three questions about the quality of life (QoL). The WHO-5 demonstrated good reliability and validity in the three countries. Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.81 to 0.90. High correlations were found between the WHO-5 and the psychological well-being dimension of QoL, and negative correlations between the WHO-5 and PHQ-2. The unidimensional scale structure was confirmed in all the countries, explaining more than 68% of the variance. The item response theory likelihood ratio model did not show discernible differences in the WHO-5 across the countries. To conclude, the WHO-5 is a psychometrically sound scale for measuring nurses' well-being during a pandemic. The scale showed strong construct validity for cross-cultural comparisons; however, more research is required with larger sample sizes.
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