ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
State-Level Policy Environments, Discrimination, and Victimization among Sexual and Gender Minority People.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental health implications of gender affirming care: bridging the communication and supportive gap.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Exploring gender factors affecting women's involvement in public health capacity development programmes in Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Role of Policy in Preventing Discrimination-Based Suicide and Substance Use Coping Outcomes Within the Transgender Community.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- Employment Nondiscrimination Protection and Mental Health Among Sexual Minority Adults.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Relationships between structural stigma, societal stigma, and minority stress among gender minority people.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Variation Between LGBT Estimates and State Policy Context.Population research and policy review · 2025Article
- Analysis of IPV success treatment from an AI approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- State-Level LGBTQ + Policies and Experiences of Interpersonal Discrimination among Sexual and Gender Minority People.Population research and policy review · 2024Article
- Recommendations and Implementation Considerations for the Routine Collection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data in Research and Practice.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Investigating the Interrelationships Among Mental Health, Substance Use Disorders, and Suicidal Ideation Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Protective factors for the risk of suffering intimate partner violence in help-seeking women survivors from a social organization in Chile.Frontiers in sociology · 2024Article
- Societal stigma and mistreatment in healthcare among gender minority people: a cross-sectional study.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Legislation has been passed in some states to reduce discrimination and victimization toward sexual and gender minority people (SGM; people who are not solely heterosexual and/or whose gender identity is not equal to what is socially associated with sex assigned at birth). The purpose of these analyses is to test whether state-level policy environments are associated with past-year discrimination and victimization among SGM people. Cross-sectional data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study annual questionnaire (collected 2018−2019), a national study of the health of SGM adults in the USA, were used for these analyses. Measures included related to discrimination, victimization, and demographic characteristics. State-level policy environments were measured using data from the Movement Advancement Project. Logistic regression analyses evaluated state-level policy environment scores and past-year discrimination and victimization among gender identity categories. In this sample, 7044 people (gender minority n = 2530) were included. Cisgender sexual minority (odds ratio [OR] = 1.007, p = 0.041) and the gender expansive subgroup of gender minority people (OR = 1.010, p = 0.047) in states with more protective policy environments had greater odds of discrimination. The gender expansive subgroup was found to have greater odds of victimization in states with more protective policy environments (OR = 1.003, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between state-level policy environments and victimization among any other study groups. SGM people may experience increased risk for discrimination and victimization despite legislative protections, posing continued risks for poor health outcomes and marginalization. Evaluation of factors (e.g., implementation strategies, systems of accountability) that influence the effectiveness of state-level polices on the reported experiences of discrimination and victimization among SGM people is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.