ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hospitalization and Mortality in Brazilian Children and Adolescents Due to COVID-19: Retrospective Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Factors predictive of epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Africa during the first 2 years of the pandemic.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Mutational signature dynamics indicate SARS-CoV-2's evolutionary capacity is driven by host antiviral molecules.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- The COVID-19 health emergency: the influence of the Human Development Index on the reorganization of primary care.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and human development: An approach for classification of HDI with deep CNN.Biomedical signal processing and control · 2023Article
- Geoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- The Consequences of COVID-19 Disruption on Sustainable Economy in the Top 30 High-Tech Innovative Countries.Global journal of flexible systems management · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is important to understand the ultimate control of COVID-19 in all countries around the world in relation to the characteristics of developed countries, LDCs, and the variety of transmission characteristics of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a focus on the Human Development Index (HDI). The units of analysis used for the current study were countries, and dataset were aggregated from multiple sources. This study used COVID-19 data from Our World in Data, the Global Health Security Index, and the WORLD BANK. A total of 171 countries were included in the analysis. A multi-variable linear regression with a hierarchical framework was employed to investigate whether the HDI is associated with confirmed COVID-19 cases after controlling for the demographic and healthcare system characteristics of the study countries. For Model 2, which controlled for demographic and healthcare system characteristics, HDI (β = 0.46, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.64−10.87) and the number of physicians per 1000 people (β = 0.34, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.21−0.75) had significant associations with the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people. Countries with a high HDI level are able to conduct higher per capita testing, resulting in higher numbers of confirmed cases than in countries with lower HDI levels. This study has shown evidence that could be used by governments and international organizations to identify national characteristics and provide the international cooperation necessary to develop effective prevention and intervention methods to deal with the global pandemic.
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