Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36010401›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Adulteration Detection of Edible Bird's Nests Using Rapid Spectroscopic Techniques Coupled with Multi-Class Discriminant Analysis.

Jing Sheng Ng, Syahidah Akmal Muhammad, Chin Hong Yong, Ainolsyakira Mohd Rodhi, Baharudin Ibrahim, Mohd Noor Hidayat Adenan, Salmah Moosa, Zainon Othman, Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, Zawiyah Sharif and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jing Sheng NgEnvironmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
Syahidah Akmal MuhammadEnvironmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-4721-1019
Chin Hong YongEnvironmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-3914-6480
Ainolsyakira Mohd RodhiAnalytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Inkubator Inovasi Universiti (I2U), Kampus SAINS@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia.
Baharudin IbrahimFaculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-8534-2517
Mohd Noor Hidayat AdenanMalaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Salmah MoosaMalaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zainon OthmanMalaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah SalimMalaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zawiyah SharifSurveillance Branch, Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Presint 3, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62675, Malaysia.
Faridah IsmailVeterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia.
Simon D KellyFood Safety and Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-9891-0704
Andrew CannavanFood Safety and Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-6413-0731

Funding

International Atomic Energy Agency USM 304/PTEKIND/650887Ministry of Higher Education USM 203/PTEKIND/6711612Universiti Sains Malaysia USM 304/PTEKIND/6316224
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Edible bird's nests (EBNs) are vulnerable to adulteration due to their huge demand for traditional medicine and high market price. Presently, there are pressing needs to explore field-deployable rapid screening techniques to detect adulteration of EBNs. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of using a handheld near-infrared (VIS/SW-NIR) spectroscopic device for the determination of EBN authenticity against the benchmark performance of a benchtop mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometer. Forty-nine authentic EBNs from the different states in Malaysia and 13 different adulterants (five types) were obtained and used to simulate the adulteration of EBNs at 1, 5 and 10% adulteration by mass (a total of 15 adulterated samples). The VIS/SW-NIR and MIR spectra collated were subsequently processed, modelled and classified using multi-class discriminant analysis. The VIS/SW-NIR results showed 100% correct classification for the collagen and nutrient agar classes in authenticity classification, while for the other classes, the lowest correct classification rate was 96.3%. For MIR analysis, only the karaya gum class had 100% correct classification whilst for the other four classes, the lowest rate of correct classification was at 94.4%. In conclusion, the combination of spectroscopic analysis with chemometrics can be a powerful screening tool to detect EBN adulteration.

Indexed as

adulterationedible bird’s nestmid-infraredmulti-class discriminant analysisnear-infrared

Identifiers

PMID36010401
PMCPMC9407431

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.