ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Antimicrobial Utilization among Neonates and Children: A Multicenter Point Prevalence Study from Leading Children's Hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unequal budgeting and limited WHO AWaRe Access antibiotics in Punjab: procurement policy gaps in Pakistan's National Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Underuse and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Hospitalized Children in a National Referral Hospital in Kenya: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hospital acquired drug resistant pathogens infections in patients with viral respiratory tract infections: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Frequency and types of antibiotic usage in a referral neonatal intensive care unit, based on the world health organization classification (AwaRe).BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Progress on the Global Research Agenda for Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Health in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Bloodstream Infections During and After the Implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Paediatricians' knowledge, perceptions, preparedness and involvement towards paediatric antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan: findings and the implications.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Correct Management to Reduce Sepsis in NICU Settings.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Malawi.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The role of community pharmacists and their perception towards antimicrobial stewardship in Baghdad, Iraq.Health care science · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Use Among Hospitalized Neonates and Children; Findings and Implications from a Comprehensive Point Prevalence Survey Among General Tertiary Hospitals in Pakistan.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Point prevalence survey of antibiotics use among hospitalised neonates and children in Saudi Arabia: findings and implications.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions in pediatric patients in Punjab, Pakistan: point prevalence surveys using AWaRe guidance.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Regional and National Trends in Consumption of Antimicrobials in Pakistan; Pre and Post-COVID (2019-2021).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Overprescribing among Neonates and Children Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Pakistan and the Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Understanding of Final Year Medical, Pharmacy and Nursing Students in Pakistan towards Antibiotic Use, Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship: Findings and Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Hospital-Based Analytical Study on Antibiotic Utilization in Pediatric Patients and Antibiotic Stewardship.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) compromises global health due to the associated morbidity, mortality, and costs. The inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents is a prime driver of AMR. Consequently, it is imperative to gain a greater understanding of current utilization patterns especially in high-risk groups including neonates and children. A point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted among three tertiary care children's hospitals in the Punjab province using the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology. Antibiotic use was documented according to the WHO AWaRe classification. Out of a total of 1576 neonates and children, 1506 were prescribed antibiotics on the day of the survey (prevalence = 95.5%), with an average of 1.9 antibiotics per patient. The majority of antibiotics were prescribed in the medical ward (75%), followed by surgical ward (12.8%). Furthermore, 56% of antibiotics were prescribed prophylactically, with most of the antibiotics (92.3%) administered via the parenteral route. The top three indications for antibiotics were respiratory tract infections (34.8%), gastrointestinal infections (15.8%), and prophylaxis for medical problems (14.3%). The three most common antibiotics prescribed were ceftriaxone (25.8%), amikacin (9.2%), and vancomycin (7.9%). Overall, 76.6% of the prescribed antibiotics were from Watch category followed by 21.6% from the Access group. There was a very high prevalence of antibiotic use among hospitalized neonates and children in this study. Urgent measures are needed to engage all the stakeholders to formulate effective ASPs in Pakistan, especially surrounding Watch antibiotics.
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