SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2022
Irrigation techniques used in spine surgery for surgical site infection prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06439953 (Impact of Prophylactic Use of Irrisept Irrigation System for Spinal Instrumentation), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Prophylactic Use of Irrisept Irrigation System for Spinal Instrumentation
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- RCT-based meta-analysis of povidone-iodine irrigation in spinal surgery: clarifying efficacy and safety.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Prophylactic Vancomycin in Decreasing Surgical Site Infections in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Large Multicenter Cohort Study.The Iowa orthopaedic journal · 2024Pooled it
- Does the combination of pulsed lavage and negative pressure dressings reduce infection rates after posterior spinal arthrodesis in pediatric scoliosis ?Spine deformity · 2026Article
- The University of Oklahoma Inpatient Spine Protocol: optimizing surgical outcomes through standardized perioperative care.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Establishment and Preliminary Outcomes of a Nationwide Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery Registry in Japan: Analysis of 158,263 Cases in 2022.Spine surgery and related research · 2026Article
- Modulation of Surgical Site Infection Risk in Spinal and Thoracic Surgeries Through Operative Parameters: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical Efficacy of Endoscopy-Assisted Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Single-Segment Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Retrospective, Propensity Score-Matched Study.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- Surgical and procedural antibiotic prophylaxis in the surgical ICU: an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Critical Care Committee clinical consensus document.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe greater likelihood of morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stays and poorer long-term outcomes as a result of surgical site infections secondary to spinal surgery makes prophylactic measures an imperative focus. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the available research related to the efficacy of different intraoperative irrigation techniques used in spinal surgery for surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis.
methodsWe performed a comprehensive search using Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane library pertaining to this topic. Our meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria consist of spine surgeries with intraoperative use of any wound irrigation technique, comparison groups with a different intraoperative irrigation technique or no irrigation, SSI identified with bacterial cultures or clinically in the postoperative period, reported SSI rates. Data extracted from eligible studies included, but was not limited to, SSI rates, irrigation technique and control technique. Exclusion criteria consist of articles with no human subjects, reviews, meta-analyses and case control studies and no details about SSI identification or rates. Pooled risk ratios were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed with a forest plot to determine risk estimates' heterogeneity with I
resultsAfter reviewing 1494 titles and abstracts, 18 articles met inclusion criteria. They included three prospective randomized-controlled trials, 13 retrospective cohort studies, two prospective cohort studies. There were 54 (1.8%) cases of SSIs in the povidone-iodine irrigation group (N = 2944) compared to 159 (4.6%) in the control group (N = 3408). Using intraoperative povidone-iodine wound irrigation produced an absolute risk reduction of 2.8%. Overall risk ratio was 0.32 (95% CI 0.20-0.53, p < 0.00001). In a global analysis, study heterogeneity and synthesizing mostly retrospective data were primary limitations.
conclusionThe most evidence exists for povidone-iodine and has Level 2 evidence supporting SSI reduction during spinal surgery. Other antiseptic solutions such as dilute chlorhexidine lack published evidence in this patient population which limits the ability to draw conclusions related to its use in spinal surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II - Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.