ArticleNature cancer2022
Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy diminishes oocyte number and quality in mice.
Article in Nature cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond apoptosis: evidence of other regulated cell death pathways in the ovary throughout development and life.Human reproduction update · 2023Pooled it
- Chemotherapy plus camrelizumab for fertility preservation (NACI-F) in FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Trial
- Coordinating Fertility Preservation in Children and Young Adults at Risk of Treatment-Induced Infertility: A Commentary.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- From cytoreduction to precision oncology: evolution of ovarian cancer therapy.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Female Oncofertility in Colorectal Cancer: Reproductive Uncertainties and Potential Benefits of Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Fertility treatment using assisted reproductive technology during immune checkpoint inhibition: report of two cases.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Non-reproductive tumor progression impairs ovarian function through CXCL10-IL18R1 axis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Mice lacking NF-ĸB1 undergo premature ovarian aging.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Article
- Oncofertility in the Age of HER2 Blockade, Immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors and Endocrine Treatment: Unanswered Questions in Breast Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Conventional Chemotherapy Regimens and Targeted Drugs on Ovarian Function in Breast Cancer Patients.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Tailoring targeted therapies for younger women with ER-positive early-stage breast cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Oncofertility in Women with Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Era: A Multidisciplinary Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Multi-omics profiling revealsTranslational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Reproductive Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report with a Literature Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of immunotherapy and small molecule cancer therapy on fertility: a narrative review of current evidence, mechanisms and future directions.BMJ oncology · 2026Review
- Molecular classification and immunotherapy in fertility-sparing treatment for endometrial cancer: opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of inflammation in premature ovarian insufficiency and advances in therapeutic studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The 19th St. Gallen international breast cancer conference 'primary therapy of patients with early breast cancer. Evidence, controversies, consensus': key moments and breakthroughs.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy does not impair ovarian function in a mouse model of breast cancer.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Should Fertility Preservation Be Offered to Young Women with Melanoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors? A SWOT Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Loss of fertility is a major concern for female reproductive-age cancer survivors, since a common side-effect of conventional cytotoxic cancer therapies is permanent damage to the ovary. While immunotherapies are increasingly becoming a standard of care for many cancers-including in the curative setting-their impacts on ovarian function and fertility are unknown. We evaluated the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking programmed cell death protein ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 on the ovary using tumor-bearing and tumor-free mouse models. We find that immune checkpoint inhibition increases immune cell infiltration and tumor necrosis factor-α expression within the ovary, diminishes the ovarian follicular reserve and impairs the ability of oocytes to mature and ovulate. These data demonstrate that immune checkpoint inhibitors have the potential to impair both immediate and future fertility, and studies in women should be prioritized. Additionally, fertility preservation should be strongly considered for women receiving these immunotherapies, and preventative strategies should be investigated in future studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.