ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2022
Comparison of risk factors for Parkinson's disease, coronary events and ischemic stroke.
Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its association with differential diagnosis, severity, and prognosis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- White Blood Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases in the Context of Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Differences in risk factor profiles for peripheral artery disease compared to coronary, cerebral and carotid artery.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between Parkinson's disease and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective population-based study from NHANES.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Risk of Parkinson disease in stroke patients: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Cardiovascular Drugs and Oral Anticoagulant Use among Persons with and without Parkinson's Disease.Cardiology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Relation to the Functional Status and Vitamin D Levels in Elderly Patients with Dementia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease share many important risk factors, but some associations differ. However, there are no studies that have compared their shared and specific risk factors. The present study aimed to compare risk factors for PD, coronary events, or ischemic stroke. We prospectively analyzed data from 26,210 participants with lifestyle factors aged 45-73 years enrolled between 1991 and 1996. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD, coronary events, or ischemic stroke in relation to each factor. A modified Lunn-McNeil competing risk analysis was performed to compare the HR strength of the three outcomes. A total of 486 incident PD cases, 3288 coronary events cases and 2,972 ischemic stroke cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 21 years. In multivariable models, age (per additional year: HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.09), diabetes (HR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.26), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (per SD increase: HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.19), and fasting blood glucose (per SD increase: HR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.36) are the risk factors for PD, whereas female sex (HR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.67), smoking (current smoker [HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.74] and former smoker [HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.99]), HDL (per SD increase: HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.95), and LDL (per SD increase: HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.96) are the protective factors. A comparison of risk factors for PD, coronary events, and ischemic stroke showed the three outcomes had concordant and discordant risk factors. Our results indicated the risk factor profiles for PD, coronary events, or ischemic stroke had many similarities, but also significant differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.