Trial reportBMJ open2022
Randomised clinical non-inferiority trial of breathing-based meditation and cognitive processing therapy for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Breathing Meditation Intervention for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A Feasibility and Efficacy Study of a Breathwork and Meditation Intervention (SKY Breath) on the Psychophysiological Well-Being of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease (iPD) and Their Care Partners
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and moderators of PE and CPT in adult PTSD treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of yoga on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analytic review of cognitive processing therapy with and without the written account.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Meditation Techniques in Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Psychiatry research · 2024Pooled it
- Cognition improvement in U.S. veterans undergoing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: Secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Trial
- Yoga as a pre-treatment of EMDR to treat childhood abuse-related PTSD: feasibility and pilot study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Trial
- US Veterans Show Improvements in Subjective but Not Objective Sleep following Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Secondary Analyses from a Randomised Controlled Trial.Depression and anxiety · 2023Trial
- Trial
- High ventilation breathwork as a non-pharmacological model for inducing psychedelic-like states: expert evaluations of therapeutic potential and risk.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Social emotional learning and autonomic regulation enhance social connectedness in female adolescents with extensive exposure to adverse childhood experiences.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Complementary and integrative health interventions for PTSD in Veterans and family members: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2026Article
- An exploratory study of breathwork-induced altered states of consciousness in experienced practitioners: the airways to alteration (A2A) trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Pediatric Intensive Care-Associated Parental Traumatic Stressors by Parent Report: Beyond the First Year.Journal of patient experience · 2026Article
- Review
- Capnometry-Guided Respiratory Intervention in Veteran PTSD: Impact on Symptom Clusters.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neurobiological substrates of altered states of consciousness induced by high ventilation breathwork accompanied by music.PloS one · 2025Article
- Emotion regulation and heart rate variability may identify the optimal posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: analyses from a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Effects of group trauma-sensitive yoga on inflammatory markers and psychological well-being in women veterans with PTSD: A randomized controlled trial.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTest whether Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) was non-inferior to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for treating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans via a parallel randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.
settingOutpatient Veterans Affairs healthcare centre.
participants85 veterans (75 men, 61% white, mean age 56.9) with symptoms of PTSD participated between October 2015 and March 2020: 59 participants completed the study.
interventionsSKY emphasises breathing routines and was delivered in group format in a 15-hour workshop followed by two 1-hour sessions per week for 5 weeks. CPT is an individual psychotherapy which emphasises shifting cognitive appraisals and was delivered in two 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks. MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The secondary measures were the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS).
resultsMean PCL-C at baseline was 56.5 (±12.6). Intent-to-treat analyses showed that PCL-C scores were reduced at 6 weeks (end of treatment) relative to baseline (SKY, -5.6,
conclusionsSKY may be non-inferior to CPT for treating symptoms of PTSD and merits further consideration as a treatment for PTSD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02366403.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.