ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2022
Seasonality of Common Human Coronaviruses, United States, 2014-2021
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seasonal human coronavirus humoral responses in AZD1222 (ChaAdOx1 nCoV-19) COVID-19 vaccinated adults reveal limited cross-immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Metatranscriptomics reveals urbanization-driven divergence in rodent viromes and zoonotic risks in Chinese megacities.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of endemic coronaviruses and enterovirus D68 in respiratory samples from 2016 in Panama: a retrospective study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of endemic and emergent coronaviruses among SARS-COV-2 patients and healthcare workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Seasonal Trends of Major Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Other Viral Infections in Korea: An Analysis Before, During, and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2026Review
- Detection and clinical analysis of human coronavirus infection in pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection in the Xiamen Area, China, 2022-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of human coronaviruses among populations with acute respiratory infections: surveillance data from jing'an district, Shanghai, 2024-2025.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- High prevalence of human coronaviruses in rural and urban Ghana in the post-COVID-19 era.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and phylogeography of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 in Thailand, 2024-2025.PloS one · 2026Article
- Research progress on the current status of respiratory pathogen infections and their detection methods.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Post-pandemic shifts in pediatric respiratory pathogens and co-infection dynamics in Xi'an and surrounding areas: a large-scale retrospective study from 2021 to 2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Reading of human acute immune dynamics in omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- A dual-reporter HCoV-OC43 for coronavirus biology and countermeasure development.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Misidentification of Human Coronavirus HKU1 as OC43 by the Seegene Allplex Respiratory Panel Real-time PCR Assay.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Respiratory virus circulation during pandemic: Why were some viruses still circulating?Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Review
- Estimated COVID-19 Periodicity and Correlation with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Antigenic Diversity, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and clinical profile of viral respiratory infections in children under 5 years at pre- and post-COVID-19 era in Praia, Cabo Verde.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- 'Vivaldi': an amplicon-based whole-genome sequencing method for the four seasonal human coronaviruses, 229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1, alongside SARS-CoV-2.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Computable phenotypes to identify respiratory viral infections in the All of Us research program.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimal Timing of Vaccination: A Narrative Review of Integrating Strategies for COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The 4 common types of human coronaviruses (HCoVs)-2 alpha (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E) and 2 beta (HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43)-generally cause mild upper respiratory illness. Seasonal patterns and annual variation in predominant types of HCoVs are known, but parameters of expected seasonality have not been defined. We defined seasonality of HCoVs during July 2014-November 2021 in the United States by using a retrospective method applied to National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System data. In the 6 HCoV seasons before 2020-21, season onsets occurred October 21-November 12, peaks January 6-February 13, and offsets April 18-June 27; most (>93%) HCoV detection was within the defined seasonal onsets and offsets. The 2020-21 HCoV season onset was 11 weeks later than in prior seasons, probably associated with COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Better definitions of HCoV seasonality can be used for clinical preparedness and for determining expected patterns of emerging coronaviruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.