ArticleScience advances2022
Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-encoding microorganisms in volcanic astrobiological analogues: an enzyme system to investigate the evolution of life.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Review
- Proposed identification criteria of the Martian lower crust and mantle excavated by the Isidis impact.Communications earth & environment · 2026Article
- Lake- and groundwater-associated alteration of the olivine-rich Margin unit in Jezero crater, Mars.Communications earth & environment · 2026Article
- Recent production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in the igneous rocks of Jezero crater floor, Mars.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A multi-distance laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data classification method based on deep convolutional neural network and spectral sample weight optimization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In situ evidence for serpentinization within the Máaz formation, Jezero crater, Mars.Science advances · 2025Article
- Diverse and highly differentiated lava suite in Jezero crater, Mars: Constraints on intracrustal magmatism revealed by Mars 2020 PIXL.Science advances · 2025Article
- Fundamental constraints and questions from the study of martian meteorites and the need for returned samples.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A tale of two planets: Disparate evolutionary models for Mars inferred from radiogenic isotope compositions of Martian meteorites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Mars Sample Return: A critical resource for planetary science and exploration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evidence for a composite volcano on the rim of Jezero crater on Mars.Communications earth & environment · 2025Article
- Ground-Based Remote Standoff Laser Spectroscopies and Reflectance Spectral Imaging for Multimodal Analysis of Wall Painting Stratigraphy.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Inorganic interpretation of luminescent materials encountered by the Perseverance rover on Mars.Science advances · 2024Article
- Radiation-induced alteration of apatite on the surface of Mars: first in situ observations with SuperCam Raman onboard Perseverance.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Present-day thermal and water activity environment of the Mars Sample Return collection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Intense alteration on early Mars revealed by high-aluminum rocks at Jezero crater.Communications earth & environment · 2024Article
- Mineral Indicators of Geologically Recent Past Habitability on Mars.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.Science advances · 2022Article
- Alteration history of Séítah formation rocks inferred by PIXL x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, and multispectral imaging on Mars.Science advances · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
94 authors at 20 institutions in 8 countries.
Roger C WiensSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3409-7344
Arya UdryDepartment of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0074-8110
Olivier BeyssacInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-8879-4762
Cathy Quantin-NatafLaboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.ORCID 0000-0002-8313-8595
Nicolas MangoldLaboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, CNRS UMR 6112, Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Université du Mans, Nantes, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0022-0631
Agnès CousinInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7823-7794
Lucia MandonLaboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Meudon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-9310-0742
Tanja BosakEarth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5179-5323
Olivier ForniInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0001-6772-9689
Scott M McLennanStony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4259-7178
Violaine SautterInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Adrian BrownPlancius Research, Severna Park, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9352-6989
Karim BenzeraraInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0553-0137
Jeffrey R JohnsonSpace Exploration Sector, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5586-4901
Lisa MayhewDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6753-1434
Sylvestre MauriceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5702-8002
Ryan B AndersonU.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
Samuel M CleggSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
Larry CrumplerNew Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5941-6372
Travis S J GabrielU.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9767-4153
Patrick GasdaSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
James HallEarth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0884-3777
Briony H N HorganEarth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6314-9724
Linda KahEarth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7172-2033
Carey LegettSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4741-2841
Juan Manuel MadariagaUniversity of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1685-6335
Pierre-Yves MeslinInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0703-3951
Ann M OllilaSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0479-9465
Francois PouletInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
Clement RoyerLaboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Meudon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-5472-7235
Shiv K SharmaUniversity of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5676-7572
Sandra SiljeströmRISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-4975-6074
Justin I SimonCenter for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3969-8958
Tayro E Acosta-MaedaUniversity of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Cesar Alvarez-LlamasUniversidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7793-7000
S Michael AngelDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Gorka AranaUniversity of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7854-855X
Pierre BeckInstitut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.ORCID 0000-0002-6532-5602
Sylvain BernardInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5576-7020
Tanguy BertrandLaboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Meudon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-2302-9776
Bruno BousquetCentre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Kepa CastroUniversity of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9931-7889
Baptiste ChideSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5124-9119
Elise ClavéCentre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0002-9514-8168
Ed CloutisUniversity of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7301-0929
Stephanie ConnellUniversity of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Erwin DehouckLaboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1368-4494
Gilles DromartLaboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.
Woodward FischerCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8836-3054
Thierry FouchetLaboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Meudon, France.ORCID 0000-0001-9040-8285
Raymond FrancisJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9031-5238
Jens FrydenvangUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-9294-1227
Olivier GasnaultInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-6979-9012
Erin GibbonsMcGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4789-4772
Sanjeev GuptaDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6415-1332
Elisabeth M HausrathDepartment of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5520-1622
Xavier JacobInstitut de Mécanique des Fluides, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0001-6718-4981
Hemani KaluchaCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Evan KellyUniversity of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2233-3901
Elise KnutsenLaboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS, Université Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay, Sorbonne Université, Guyancourt, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7702-2844
Nina LanzaSpace and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4445-7996
Javier LasernaUniversidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2653-9528
Jeremie LasueInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0001-9082-4457
Stéphane Le MouélicLaboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, CNRS UMR 6112, Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Université du Mans, Nantes, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5260-1367
Richard LeveilleMcGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Guillermo Lopez ReyesResearch Group ERICA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1005-1760
Ralph LorenzSpace Exploration Sector, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8528-4644
Jose Antonio ManriqueResearch Group ERICA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2053-2819
Jesus Martinez-FriasAgencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2609-4485
Tim McConnochieUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5542-3903
Noureddine MelikechiDepartment of Physics and Applied Physics, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
David MimounInstitut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3427-2974
Franck MontmessinLaboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS, Université Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay, Sorbonne Université, Guyancourt, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4187-1457
Javier MorosUniversidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
Naomi MurdochInstitut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-9701-4075
Paolo PilleriInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4861-0476
Cedric PilorgetInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7759-9854
Patrick PinetInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.
William RapinInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4660-8006
Fernando RullResearch Group ERICA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3198-9125
Susanne SchröderDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1870-3663
David L ShusterDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2507-9977
Rebecca J SmithStony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1914-1669
Alexander E StottInstitut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0001-6121-705X
Jesse TarnasJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6256-0826
Nathalie TurenneUniversity of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3972-8472
Marco VenerandaResearch Group ERICA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7185-2791
David S VogtDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Berlin, Germany.
Benjamin P WeissEarth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3113-3415
Peter WillisJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5394-1101
Kathryn M StackJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3444-6695
Kenneth H WillifordJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Kenneth A FarleyCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7846-7546
SuperCam Team
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRLos Alamos National Laboratory · USJet Propulsion Laboratory · USUniversidad de Valladolid · ESCalifornia Institute of Technology · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USUniversidad de Málaga · ESUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 · FRUniversité Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées · FRUniversity of Hawaii System · USUniversity of the Basque Country · ESUniversity of Winnipeg · CADeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) · DEJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory · USMcGill University · CAStony Brook University · USUnited States Geological Survey · USUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas · USConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · ESImperial College London · GB
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.
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